解决方案，基于这条评论:https://stackoverflow.com/a/22409447/2399045。 只需设置:DB名称，临时文件夹，DB文件文件夹。 运行后，您将拥有名称为“sourceDBName_yyyy-mm-dd”格式的DB副本。

-- Settings --
-- New DB name will have name = sourceDB_yyyy-mm-dd
declare @sourceDbName nvarchar(50) = 'MyDbName';
declare @tmpFolder nvarchar(50) = 'C:\Temp\'
declare @sqlServerDbFolder nvarchar(100) = 'C:\Databases\'

--  Execution --
declare @sourceDbFile nvarchar(50);
declare @sourceDbFileLog nvarchar(50);
declare @destinationDbName nvarchar(50) = @sourceDbName + '_' + (select convert(varchar(10),getdate(), 121))
declare @backupPath nvarchar(400) = @tmpFolder + @destinationDbName + '.bak'
declare @destMdf nvarchar(100) = @sqlServerDbFolder + @destinationDbName + '.mdf'
declare @destLdf nvarchar(100) = @sqlServerDbFolder + @destinationDbName + '_log' + '.ldf'

SET @sourceDbFile = (SELECT top 1 files.name 
                    FROM sys.databases dbs 
                    INNER JOIN sys.master_files files 
                        ON dbs.database_id = files.database_id 
                    WHERE dbs.name = @sourceDbName
                        AND files.[type] = 0)

SET @sourceDbFileLog = (SELECT top 1 files.name 
                    FROM sys.databases dbs 
                    INNER JOIN sys.master_files files 
                        ON dbs.database_id = files.database_id 
                    WHERE dbs.name = @sourceDbName
                        AND files.[type] = 1)

BACKUP DATABASE @sourceDbName TO DISK = @backupPath

RESTORE DATABASE @destinationDbName FROM DISK = @backupPath
WITH REPLACE,
   MOVE @sourceDbFile     TO @destMdf,
   MOVE @sourceDbFileLog  TO @destLdf

该程序以不同的名称将数据库复制到同一服务器。我依赖于这个网站上给出的例子，并进行了一些改进。

-- Copies a database to the same server
-- Copying the database is based on backing up the original database and restoring with a different name

DECLARE @sourceDb nvarchar(50);    
DECLARE @destDb nvarchar(50);
DECLARE @backupTempDir nvarchar(200)

SET @sourceDb =  N'Northwind'         -- The name of the source database
SET @destDb =    N'Northwind_copy'    -- The name of the target database
SET @backupTempDir = N'c:\temp'       -- The name of the temporary directory in which the temporary backup file will be saved
-- --------- ---

DECLARE @sourceDb_ROWS nvarchar(50);  
DECLARE @sourceDb_LOG nvarchar(50);
DECLARE @backupPath nvarchar(400); 
DECLARE @destMdf nvarchar(100);
DECLARE @destLdf nvarchar(100);
DECLARE @sqlServerDbFolder nvarchar(100);

Declare @Ret as int = -1
Declare @RetDescription nvarchar(200) = ''

-- Temporary backup file name
SET @backupPath = @backupTempDir+ '\TempDb_' + @sourceDb + '.bak'    

-- Finds the physical location of the files on the disk
set @sqlServerDbFolder = (SELECT top(1) physical_name as dir
                           FROM sys.master_files where DB_NAME(database_id) = @sourceDb  );

-- Clears the file name and leaves the directory name
set @sqlServerDbFolder = REVERSE(SUBSTRING(REVERSE(@sqlServerDbFolder), CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(@sqlServerDbFolder)) + 1, LEN(@sqlServerDbFolder))) + '\'

-- Finds the logical name for the .mdf file
set @sourceDb_ROWS = (SELECT f.name LogicalName FROM sys.master_files f INNER JOIN sys.databases d ON d.database_id = f.database_id
                      where d.name = @sourceDb  and   f.type_desc = 'ROWS' )

-- Finds the logical name for the .ldf file
set @sourceDb_LOG = (SELECT f.name LogicalName FROM sys.master_files f INNER JOIN sys.databases d ON d.database_id = f.database_id
                      where d.name = @sourceDb  and   f.type_desc = 'LOG' )

-- Composes the names of the physical files for the new database  
SET @destMdf = @sqlServerDbFolder + @destDb + N'.mdf'
SET @destLdf = @sqlServerDbFolder + @destDb + N'_log' + N'.ldf'

-- If the source name is the same as the target name does not perform the operation
if @sourceDb <> @destDb      
    begin 

    -- Checks if the target database already exists
    IF Not EXISTS (SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases WHERE name = @destDb)
    begin 
        -- Checks if the source database exists
        IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases WHERE name = @sourceDb) and (@sqlServerDbFolder is not null)
        begin 

            -- Opens the permission to run xp_cmdshell
            EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
            RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
            EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
            RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
         
            -- If the temporary backup directory does not exist it creates it
            declare @md as nvarchar(100) = N'if not exist ' + @backupTempDir + N' md ' +@backupTempDir  
            exec xp_cmdshell  @md,  no_output

            -- Creates a backup to the source database to the temporary file
            BACKUP DATABASE @sourceDb TO DISK = @backupPath 

            -- Restores the database with a new name
            RESTORE DATABASE @destDb FROM DISK = @backupPath
            WITH REPLACE, 
            MOVE @sourceDb_ROWS TO @destMdf, 
            MOVE @sourceDb_LOG TO  @destLdf

            -- Deletes the temporary backup file
            declare @del as varchar(100) = 'if exist ' + @backupPath +' del ' +@backupPath 
            exec xp_cmdshell  @del ,  no_output

            -- Close the permission to run xp_cmdshell
            EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 0
            RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
            EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0
            RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
         
            set @ret = 1
            set @RetDescription = 'The ' +@sourceDb + ' database was successfully copied to ' + @destDb 
        
        end
        else
        begin
          set @RetDescription = 'The source database '''+ @sourceDb + ''' is not exists.'
          set @ret = -3
        end

    end
    else
    begin
      set @RetDescription = 'The target database '''+ @destDb + ''' already exists.'
      set @ret = -4
    end
end
else
begin
  set @RetDescription = 'The target database ''' +@destDb + ''' and the source database '''+ @sourceDb + ''' have the same name.'
  set @ret = -5
end

select @ret as Ret, @RetDescription as RetDescription

脚本基于乔回答(分离，复制文件，附加两者)。

以Administrator帐户运行management Studio。

这是不必要的，但可能在执行时访问被拒绝错误。

为执行xp_cmdshel配置sql server

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO

运行脚本，但在@dbName和@copyDBName变量之前输入你的db名称。

USE master;
GO 

DECLARE @dbName NVARCHAR(255) = 'Products'
DECLARE @copyDBName NVARCHAR(255) = 'Products_branch'

-- get DB files
CREATE TABLE ##DBFileNames([FileName] NVARCHAR(255))
EXEC('
    INSERT INTO ##DBFileNames([FileName])
    SELECT [filename] FROM ' + @dbName + '.sys.sysfiles')

-- drop connections
EXEC('ALTER DATABASE ' + @dbName + ' SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE')

EXEC('ALTER DATABASE ' + @dbName + ' SET SINGLE_USER')

-- detach
EXEC('EXEC sp_detach_db @dbname = ''' + @dbName + '''')

-- copy files
DECLARE @filename NVARCHAR(255), @path NVARCHAR(255), @ext NVARCHAR(255), @copyFileName NVARCHAR(255), @command NVARCHAR(MAX) = ''
DECLARE 
    @oldAttachCommand NVARCHAR(MAX) = 
        'CREATE DATABASE ' + @dbName + ' ON ', 
    @newAttachCommand NVARCHAR(MAX) = 
        'CREATE DATABASE ' + @copyDBName + ' ON '

DECLARE curs CURSOR FOR 
SELECT [filename] FROM ##DBFileNames
OPEN curs  
FETCH NEXT FROM curs INTO @filename
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0  
BEGIN
    SET @path = REVERSE(RIGHT(REVERSE(@filename),(LEN(@filename)-CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(@filename),1))+1))
    SET @ext = RIGHT(@filename,4)
    SET @copyFileName = @path + @copyDBName + @ext

    SET @command = 'EXEC master..xp_cmdshell ''COPY "' + @filename + '" "' + @copyFileName + '"'''
    PRINT @command
    EXEC(@command);

    SET @oldAttachCommand = @oldAttachCommand + '(FILENAME = "' + @filename + '"),'
    SET @newAttachCommand = @newAttachCommand + '(FILENAME = "' + @copyFileName + '"),'

    FETCH NEXT FROM curs INTO @filename
END
CLOSE curs 
DEALLOCATE curs

-- attach
SET @oldAttachCommand = LEFT(@oldAttachCommand, LEN(@oldAttachCommand) - 1) + ' FOR ATTACH'
SET @newAttachCommand = LEFT(@newAttachCommand, LEN(@newAttachCommand) - 1) + ' FOR ATTACH'

-- attach old db
PRINT @oldAttachCommand
EXEC(@oldAttachCommand)

-- attach copy db
PRINT @newAttachCommand
EXEC(@newAttachCommand)

DROP TABLE ##DBFileNames

Install Microsoft SQL Management Studio, which you can download for free from Microsoft's website: Version 2008 Microsoft SQL Management Studio 2008 is part of SQL Server 2008 Express with Advanced Services Version 2012 Click download button and check ENU\x64\SQLManagementStudio_x64_ENU.exe Version 2014 Click download button and check MgmtStudio 64BIT\SQLManagementStudio_x64_ENU.exe Open Microsoft SQL Management Studio. Backup original database to .BAK file (db -> Task -> Backup). Create empty database with new name (clone). Note comments below as this is optional. Click to clone database and open restore dialog (see image) Select Device and add the backup file from step 3. Change destination to test database Change location of database files, it must be different from the original. You can type directly into text box, just add postfix. (NOTE: Order is important. Select checkbox, then change the filenames.) Check WITH REPLACE and WITH KEEP_REPLICATION

<！doctype html >

<head>
    <title>Copy Database</title>
</head>

<body>
    
    <?php
    
    $servername = "localhost:xxxx";
    $user1 = "user1";
    $pw1 = "pw1";
    $db1 = "db1";
    
    $conn1 = new mysqli($servername,$user1,$pw1,$db1);
    
    if($conn1->connect_error) {
        die("Conn1 failed: " . $conn1->connect_error);
    }
    
    $user2 = "user2";
    $pw2 = "pw2";
    $db2 = "db2";
    
    $conn2 = new mysqli($servername,$user2,$pw2,$db2);
    
    if($conn2->connect_error) {
        die("Conn2 failed: " . $conn2->connect_error);
    }
    
    $sqlDB1 = "SELECT * FROM table1";
    $resultDB1 = $conn1->query($sqlDB1);
    
    if($resultDB1->num_rows > 0) {
        while($row = $resultDB1->fetch_assoc()) {
            $sqlDB2 = "INSERT INTO table2 (col1, col2) VALUES ('" . $row["tableRow1"] . "','" . $row["tableRow2"] . "')";
            $resultDB2 = $conn2->query($sqlDB2);
        }
    }else{
        echo "0 results";
    }
    
    $conn1->close();
    $conn2->close();
    
    ?>
    
</body>

在SQL Server 2008 R2操作系统中，将数据库以文件的形式备份到文件夹中。 然后选择“Database”文件夹中的恢复选项。 在向导中输入目标数据库中需要的新名称。 然后选择“从文件恢复”并使用刚才创建的文件。 我就这样做了，它非常快(我的DB很小，但仍然) 巴勃罗。