pip install failed with "connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)"

我对Python非常陌生，并试图在Windows 7上安装链接检查器。一些注意事项:

pip install is failing no matter the package. For example, > pip install scrapy also results in the SSL error. Vanilla install of Python 3.4.1 included pip 1.5.6. The first thing I tried to do was install linkchecker. Python 2.7 was already installed, it came with ArcGIS. python and pip were not available from the command line until I installed 3.4.1. > pip search linkchecker works. Perhaps that is because pip search does not verify the site's SSL certificate. I am in a company network but we do not go through a proxy to reach the Internet. Each company computer (including mine) has a Trusted Root Certificate Authority that is used for various reasons including enabling monitoring TLS traffic to https://google.com. Not sure if that has anything to do with it.

下面是运行pip install linkchecker后我的pip.log的内容:

Downloading/unpacking linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/: connection error: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/ (Caused by <class 'http.client.CannotSendRequest'>: Request-sent)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  URLs to search for versions for linkchecker:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement linkchecker
Cleaning up...
  Removing temporary dir C:\Users\jcook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_jcook...
No distributions at all found for linkchecker
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1177, in prepare_files
    url = finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=self.upgrade)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 277, in find_requirement
    raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions at all found for %s' % req)
pip.exceptions.DistributionNotFound: No distributions at all found for linkchecker

当前回答

如果您使用make手动安装Python，则必须遵循以下答案:https://stackoverflow.com/a/42798679/6403406以使其工作。

2018-12-04 11:26:23

其他回答

如果您的系统中缺少某些证书，则可能会遇到此问题。在opensuse上安装ca-certificates-mozilla

2018-03-19 20:32:27

在64位Windows 7企业版上尝试使用ActivePython 2.7.8、ActivePython 3.4.1和“库存”Python 3.4.2安装pip ftputil时遇到同样的问题。所有尝试都失败了，错误与OP相同。

通过降级到pip 1.2.1来解决Python 3.4.2的问题:easy_install pip==1.2.1(参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/16370731/234235)。同样的修复也适用于ActivePython 2.7.8。

2013年3月报告的这个漏洞仍然存在:https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/829。

2014-10-14 23:24:18

pip install gensim config --global http.sslVerify false

只需安装任何带有“config——global http. conf”的包。sslVerify false”语句

可以通过将pypi.org和files.pythonhosted.org以及旧的pypi.python.org设置为可信主机来忽略SSL错误。

$ pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org <package_name>

注意:在2018年4月的某个时候，Python包索引从pypi.python.org迁移到pypi.org。这意味着使用旧域的“可信主机”命令不再有效，但您可以同时添加这两个命令。

永久解决

自从pip 10.0发布以来，你应该可以通过升级pip本身来永久地修复这个问题:

$ pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org pip setuptools

或者重新安装以获得最新版本:

$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py

(…然后使用相关的Python解释器运行get-pip.py)。

PIP install <otherpackage>应该在此之后工作。如果没有，那么您将需要做更多的工作，如下所述。

您可能希望将受信任主机和代理添加到配置文件中。

pip.ini (Windows)或pip.conf (unix)

[global]
trusted-host = pypi.python.org
               pypi.org
               files.pythonhosted.org

替代解决方案(不太安全)

大多数答案都可能带来安全问题。

有两个变通方法可以帮助您轻松安装大多数python包:

使用easy_install:如果您真的很懒，不想浪费太多时间，请使用easy_install <package_name>。注意，有些包找不到，或者会出现小错误。使用Wheel:下载python包的Wheel，使用pip命令pip install wheel_package_name。WHL安装包。

2015-04-20 15:13:41

修复了我在OSX上的问题，在终端上运行以下程序:

open "/Applications/Python 3.9/Install Certificates.command"

2022-01-09 07:49:14

如果MacOS对你和你没什么帮助。只需查看python文件夹并运行Install Certificates.command 只有这个对我有帮助。

2022-09-16 13:00:40

pip install failed with "connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)"

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