使用Python尝试http://challenge.greplin.com/

彻底理解所有数据类型和结构

对于每种类型和结构，编写一系列演示程序来练习类型或数据结构的各个方面。如果你这样做了，在博客上记下每一个笔记可能是值得的……它可能对很多人有用!

def apprentice():
  read(diveintopython)
  experiment(interpreter)
  read(python_tutorial)
  experiment(interpreter, modules/files)
  watch(pycon)

def master():
  refer(python-essential-reference)
  refer(PEPs/language reference)
  experiment()
  read(good_python_code) # Eg. twisted, other libraries
  write(basic_library)   # reinvent wheel and compare to existing wheels
  if have_interesting_ideas:
     give_talk(pycon)

def guru():
  pass # Not qualified to comment. Fix the GIL perhaps?

使用Python尝试http://challenge.greplin.com/

I recommend starting with something that forces you to explore the expressive power of the syntax. Python allows many different ways of writing the same functionality, but there is often a single most elegant and fastest approach. If you're used to the idioms of other languages, you might never otherwise find or accept these better ways. I spent a weekend trudging through the first 20 or so Project Euler problems and made a simple webapp with Django on Google App Engine. This will only take you from apprentice to novice, maybe, but you can then continue to making somewhat more advanced webapps and solve more advanced Project Euler problems. After a few months I went back and solved the first 20 PE problems from scratch in an hour instead of a weekend.

(更深入地)理解Python的数据类型及其在内存管理方面的角色

正如社区中的一些人所知道的，我教授Python课程，最受欢迎的是综合的入门+中级课程，以及介绍应用程序开发各个领域的“高级”课程。

经常有人问我类似这样的问题:“我应该上你的入门课还是进阶课?”我已经有1-2年的Python编程经验了，我认为入门部分对我来说太简单了，所以我想直接跳到高级部分…你推荐哪门课程?”

为了回答他们的问题，我考察了他们在这方面的能力有多强——并不是说这真的是衡量他们是否准备好了任何高级课程的最佳方法，而是看看他们对Python对象和内存模型的基本知识有多好，这是导致许多Python错误的原因，这些错误不仅是初学者写的，而且是那些已经超越了这一点的人写的。

要做到这一点，我建议他们看看这个简单的测试问题:

Many times, they are able to get the output, but the why is more difficult and much more important of an response... I would weigh the output as 20% of the answer while the "why" gets 80% credit. If they can't get the why, regardless how Python experience they have, I will always steer people to the comprehensive intro+intermediate course because I spend one lecture on objects and memory management to the point where you should be able to answer with the output and the why with sufficient confidence. (Just because you know Python's syntax after 1-2 years doesn't make you ready to move beyond a "beginner" label until you have a much better understanding as far as how Python works under the covers.)

接下来的询问要求类似的答案就更难了，例如:

示例3

x = ['foo', [1,2,3], 10.4]
y = list(x) # or x[:]
y[0] = 'fooooooo'
y[1][0] = 4
print x
print y

The next topics I recommend are to understanding reference counting well, learning what "interning" means (but not necessarily using it), learning about shallow and deep copies (as in Example 3 above), and finally, the interrelationships between the various types and constructs in the language, i.e. lists vs. tuples, dicts vs. sets, list comprehensions vs. generator expressions, iterators vs. generators, etc.; however all those other suggestions are another post for another time. Hope this helps in the meantime! :-)

ps.我同意其他的回答，即更深入地进行内省以及研究其他项目的源代码，并在这两个建议中添加一个强烈的“+1”!

pp。顺便说一句，问得好。我希望我一开始就足够聪明，问过这样的问题，但那是很久以前的事了，现在我正试图用我多年的全职Python编程来帮助别人!!