在这里给出的所有其他答案以及在相关问题中给出的各种可能的FS值都以各种方式失败。有些在开头和/或结尾留下空白，有些将每个FS转换为OFS，有些依赖于仅当FS为默认值时才适用的语义，有些依赖于在括号表达式中否定FS，这将在给定多字符FS时失败，等等。

为了对任何FS都健壮地做到这一点，使用GNU awk的第4个参数split():

$ cat tst.awk
{
    split($0,flds,FS,seps)
    for ( i=n; i<=NF; i++ ) {
        printf "%s%s", flds[i], seps[i]
    }
    print ""
}

$ printf 'a b c d\n' | awk -v n=3 -f tst.awk c d $ printf ' a b c d\n' | awk -v n=3 -f tst.awk c d $ printf ' a b c d\n' | awk -v n=3 -F'[ ]' -f tst.awk b c d $ printf ' a b c d\n' | awk -v n=3 -F'[ ]+' -f tst.awk b c d $ printf 'a###b###c###d\n' | awk -v n=3 -F'###' -f tst.awk c###d $ printf '###a###b###c###d\n' | awk -v n=3 -F'###' -f tst.awk b###c###d Note that I'm using split() above because it's 3rg arg is a field separator, not just a regexp like the 2nd arg to match(). The difference is that field separators have additional semantics to regexps such as skipping leading and/or trailing blanks when the separator is a single blank char - if you wanted to use a while(match()) loop or any form of *sub() to emulate the above then you'd need to write code to implement those semantics whereas split() already implements them for you.

echo "1 2 3 4 5 6" | awk '{ $NF = ""; print $0}'

它使用awk打印除最后一个字段以外的所有字段

这让我非常恼火，我坐下来写了一个类似cut的字段规范解析器，用GNU Awk 3.1.7测试。

首先，创建一个新的Awk库脚本pfcut。

sudo nano /usr/share/awk/pfcut

然后，粘贴下面的脚本，并保存。之后，是这样的用法:

$ echo "t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7" | awk -f pfcut --source '/^/ { pfcut("-4"); }'
t1 t2 t3 t4

$ echo "t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7" | awk -f pfcut --source '/^/ { pfcut("2-"); }'
t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7

$ echo "t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7" | awk -f pfcut --source '/^/ { pfcut("-2,4,6-"); }'
t1 t2 t4 t6 t7

为了避免键入所有这些，我想最好的方法是(参见其他方法)在启动时自动加载用户函数?- Unix & Linux Stack Exchange)为~/.bashrc添加别名;例如:

$ echo "alias awk-pfcut='awk -f pfcut --source'" >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc     # refresh bash aliases

．.． 然后你可以调用:

$ echo "t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7" | awk-pfcut '/^/ { pfcut("-2,4,6-"); }'
t1 t2 t4 t6 t7

以下是pfcut脚本的源代码:

# pfcut - print fields like cut
#
# sdaau, GNU GPL
# Nov, 2013

function spfcut(formatstring)
{
  # parse format string
  numsplitscomma = split(formatstring, fsa, ",");
  numspecparts = 0;
  split("", parts); # clear/initialize array (for e.g. `tail` piping into `awk`)
  for(i=1;i<=numsplitscomma;i++) {
    commapart=fsa[i];
    numsplitsminus = split(fsa[i], cpa, "-");
    # assume here a range is always just two parts: "a-b"
    # also assume user has already sorted the ranges
    #print numsplitsminus, cpa[1], cpa[2]; # debug
    if(numsplitsminus==2) {
     if ((cpa[1]) == "") cpa[1] = 1;
     if ((cpa[2]) == "") cpa[2] = NF;
     for(j=cpa[1];j<=cpa[2];j++) {
       parts[numspecparts++] = j;
     }
    } else parts[numspecparts++] = commapart;
  }
  n=asort(parts); outs="";
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++) {
    outs = outs sprintf("%s%s", $parts[i], (i==n)?"":OFS); 
    #print(i, parts[i]); # debug
  }
  return outs;
}

function pfcut(formatstring) {
  print spfcut(formatstring);
}

Perl:

@m=`ls -ltr dir | grep ^d | awk '{print \$6,\$7,\$8,\$9}'`;
foreach $i (@m)
{
        print "$i\n";

}

如果你想要格式化文本，用echo链接你的命令并使用$0打印最后一个字段。

例子:

for i in {8..11}; do
   s1="$i"
   s2="str$i"
   s3="str with spaces $i"
   echo -n "$s1 $s2" | awk '{printf "|%3d|%6s",$1,$2}'
   echo -en "$s3" | awk '{printf "|%-19s|\n", $0}'
done

打印:

|  8|  str8|str with spaces 8  |
|  9|  str9|str with spaces 9  |
| 10| str10|str with spaces 10 |
| 11| str11|str with spaces 11 |

更新:

如果你想在保留空格和制表符的同时不使用任何函数调用，那么:

echo  "    1   2  33  4444 555555 \t6666666    " | 

{m,g}awk ++NF FS='^[ \t]*[^ \t]*[ \t]+|[ \t]+$' OFS= 

=

2  33  4444 555555     6666666

===================

你可以让它更直接:

 svn status | [m/g]awk   '/!/*sub("^[^ \t]*[ \t]+",_)'

 svn status |   [n]awk '(/!/)*sub("^[^ \t]*[ \t]+",_)'

自动处理管道中早期的grep，以及在删除$1后删除额外的FS，额外的好处是保留原始输入的其余部分，而不是用空格覆盖制表符(除非这是想要的效果)

如果你非常确定$1不包含需要regex转义的特殊字符，那么就更容易了:

mawk         '/!/*sub($!_"[ \t]+",_)'
gawk -c/P/e '/!/*sub($!_"""[ \t]+",_)' 

或者如果你更喜欢自定义FS+OFS来处理这一切:

mawk 'NF*=/!/' FS='^[^ \t]*[ \t]+' OFS='' # this version uses OFS