这里的其他答案涉及将协议标记为“@objc”，在使用swift特定类型时不起作用。

struct Info {
    var height: Int
    var weight: Int
} 

@objc protocol Health {
    func isInfoHealthy(info: Info) -> Bool
} 
//Error "Method cannot be marked @objc because the type of the parameter cannot be represented in Objective-C"

为了声明能在swift中很好地工作的可选协议，将函数声明为变量而不是func。

protocol Health {
    var isInfoHealthy: (Info) -> (Bool)? { get set }
}

然后实现如下协议

class Human: Health {
    var isInfoHealthy: (Info) -> (Bool)? = { info in
        if info.weight < 200 && info.height > 72 {
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
    //Or leave out the implementation and declare it as:  
    //var isInfoHealthy: (Info) -> (Bool)?
}

然后可以使用“?”来检查函数是否已经实现

func returnEntity() -> Health {
    return Human()
}

var anEntity: Health = returnEntity()

var isHealthy = anEntity.isInfoHealthy(Info(height: 75, weight: 150))? 
//"isHealthy" is true

这里有一个非常简单的例子，只适用于swift类，而不适用于结构或枚举。 注意，协议方法是可选的，有两个级别的可选链接。 同样，采用协议的类在声明中需要@objc属性。

@objc protocol CollectionOfDataDelegate{
   optional func indexDidChange(index: Int)
}


@objc class RootView: CollectionOfDataDelegate{

    var data = CollectionOfData()

   init(){
      data.delegate = self
      data.indexIsNow()
   }

  func indexDidChange(index: Int) {
      println("The index is currently: \(index)")
  }

}

class CollectionOfData{
    var index : Int?
    weak var delegate : CollectionOfDataDelegate?

   func indexIsNow(){
      index = 23
      delegate?.indexDidChange?(index!)
    }

 }

要在swift中定义可选协议，你应该在协议声明和协议中的属性/方法声明之前使用@objc关键字。 下面是协议的可选属性示例。

@objc protocol Protocol {

  @objc optional var name:String?

}

//现在，如果尝试在代码中实现该协议，将不会强制在类中包含该函数。

class MyClass: Protocol {

   // No error

}

另一种方法是使用协议扩展，我们也可以给出该协议的默认实现。所以协议的功能是可选的。

1. 使用默认实现(首选)。

protocol MyProtocol {
    func doSomething()
}

extension MyProtocol {
    func doSomething() {
        /* return a default value or just leave empty */
    }
}

struct MyStruct: MyProtocol {
    /* no compile error */
}

优势

不涉及Objective-C运行时(好吧，至少没有显式地)。这意味着你可以使结构，枚举和非nsobject类符合它。此外，这意味着您可以利用强大的泛型系统。 当遇到符合这种协议的类型时，您总是可以确保满足所有需求。它总是具体实现或默认实现。这就是“接口”或“契约”在其他语言中的表现。

缺点

For non-Void requirements, you need to have a reasonable default value, which is not always possible. However, when you encounter this problem, it means that either such requirement should really have no default implementation, or that your you made a mistake during API design. You can't distinguish between a default implementation and no implementation at all, at least without addressing that problem with special return values. Consider the following example: protocol SomeParserDelegate { func validate(value: Any) -> Bool } If you provide a default implementation which just returns true — it's fine at the first glance. Now, consider the following pseudo code: final class SomeParser { func parse(data: Data) -> [Any] { if /* delegate.validate(value:) is not implemented */ { /* parse very fast without validating */ } else { /* parse and validate every value */ } } } There's no way to implement such an optimization — you can't know if your delegate implements a method or not. Although there's a number of different ways to overcome this problem (using optional closures, different delegate objects for different operations to name a few), that example presents the problem clearly.

2. 使用@objc可选。

@objc protocol MyProtocol {
    @objc optional func doSomething()
}

class MyClass: NSObject, MyProtocol {
    /* no compile error */
}

优势

不需要缺省实现。你只需要声明一个可选方法或变量就可以了。

缺点

它要求所有符合要求的类型都与Objective-C兼容，从而严重限制了协议的功能。这意味着，只有继承自NSObject的类才能符合这样的协议。没有结构，没有枚举，没有关联类型。 必须始终通过可选调用或检查符合类型是否实现了可选方法来检查是否实现了可选方法。如果经常调用可选方法，这可能会引入大量样板文件。

带有协议继承的纯Swift方法:

//Required methods
protocol MyProtocol {
    func foo()
}

//Optional methods
protocol MyExtendedProtocol: MyProtocol {
    func bar()
}

class MyClass {
    var delegate: MyProtocol
    func myMethod() {
        (delegate as? MyExtendedProtocol).bar()
    }
}

一种选择是将它们存储为可选函数变量:

struct MyAwesomeStruct {
    var myWonderfulFunction : Optional<(Int) -> Int> = nil
}

let squareCalculator =
    MyAwesomeStruct(myWonderfulFunction: { input in return input * input })
let thisShouldBeFour = squareCalculator.myWonderfulFunction!(2)