我试图为我的程序中用于验证表单的简单bean编写单元测试。该bean使用@Component进行注释，并且有一个初始化使用的类变量
@Value("${this.property.value}") private String thisProperty;
我想为这个类中的验证方法编写单元测试，但是，如果可能的话，我想这样做而不使用属性文件。我这样做的原因是，如果我从属性文件中提取的值发生了变化，我希望它不影响我的测试用例。我的测试用例是测试验证值的代码，而不是值本身。
是否有一种方法可以在我的测试类中使用Java代码来初始化一个Java类，并在该类中填充Spring @Value属性，然后使用它来测试?
我确实发现这个如何，似乎是接近，但仍然使用一个属性文件。我宁愿全部都是Java代码。
当前回答
在配置中添加PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是为我工作的。
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@EnableJpaRepositories
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class TestConfiguration {
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder builder = new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder();
builder.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.DERBY);
return builder.build();
}
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(new String[] { "com.test.model" });
// Use hibernate
JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(getHibernateProperties());
return entityManagerFactoryBean;
}
private Properties getHibernateProperties() {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put("hibernate.show_sql", "false");
properties.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect");
properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
return properties;
}
@Bean
public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager() {
JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(
entityManagerFactory().getObject()
);
return transactionManager;
}
@Bean
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer propConfig() {
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer placeholderConfigurer = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
placeholderConfigurer.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("application_test.properties"));
return placeholderConfigurer;
}
}
在测试课上
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = TestConfiguration.class)
public class DataServiceTest {
@Autowired
private DataService dataService;
@Autowired
private DataRepository dataRepository;
@Value("${Api.url}")
private String baseUrl;
@Test
public void testUpdateData() {
List<Data> datas = (List<Data>) dataRepository.findAll();
assertTrue(datas.isEmpty());
dataService.updateDatas();
datas = (List<Data>) dataRepository.findAll();
assertFalse(datas.isEmpty());
}
}
其他回答
如果您愿意，您仍然可以在Spring Context中运行测试，并在Spring配置类中设置所需的属性。如果您使用JUnit，请使用SpringJUnit4ClassRunner并为您的测试定义专用配置类，如下所示:
被测类:
@Component
public SomeClass {
@Autowired
private SomeDependency someDependency;
@Value("${someProperty}")
private String someProperty;
}
测试类:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SomeClassTestsConfig.class)
public class SomeClassTests {
@Autowired
private SomeClass someClass;
@Autowired
private SomeDependency someDependency;
@Before
public void setup() {
Mockito.reset(someDependency);
@Test
public void someTest() { ... }
}
和这个测试的配置类:
@Configuration
public class SomeClassTestsConfig {
@Bean
public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer properties() throws Exception {
final PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer pspc = new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("someProperty", "testValue");
pspc.setProperties(properties);
return pspc;
}
@Bean
public SomeClass getSomeClass() {
return new SomeClass();
}
@Bean
public SomeDependency getSomeDependency() {
// Mockito used here for mocking dependency
return Mockito.mock(SomeDependency.class);
}
}
话虽如此，我不推荐这种方法，我只是在这里添加它作为参考。在我看来，更好的方法是使用Mockito runner。在这种情况下，您根本不需要在Spring中运行测试，这更加清晰和简单。
在配置中添加PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是为我工作的。
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@EnableJpaRepositories
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class TestConfiguration {
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder builder = new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder();
builder.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.DERBY);
return builder.build();
}
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(new String[] { "com.test.model" });
// Use hibernate
JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(getHibernateProperties());
return entityManagerFactoryBean;
}
private Properties getHibernateProperties() {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put("hibernate.show_sql", "false");
properties.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect");
properties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
return properties;
}
@Bean
public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager() {
JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(
entityManagerFactory().getObject()
);
return transactionManager;
}
@Bean
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer propConfig() {
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer placeholderConfigurer = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
placeholderConfigurer.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("application_test.properties"));
return placeholderConfigurer;
}
}
在测试课上
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = TestConfiguration.class)
public class DataServiceTest {
@Autowired
private DataService dataService;
@Autowired
private DataRepository dataRepository;
@Value("${Api.url}")
private String baseUrl;
@Test
public void testUpdateData() {
List<Data> datas = (List<Data>) dataRepository.findAll();
assertTrue(datas.isEmpty());
dataService.updateDatas();
datas = (List<Data>) dataRepository.findAll();
assertFalse(datas.isEmpty());
}
}
我使用下面的代码，它为我工作:
@InjectMocks
private ClassNotify classNotify;
@BeforeEach
void init() {
closeable = MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(classNotify, "EventType", "test-event");
}
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) // @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = ConfigDataApplicationContextInitializer.class)
希望这能有所帮助。关键是ConfigDataApplicationContextInitializer获取所有道具数据
从Spring 4.1开始，你可以在代码中通过在单元测试类级别上使用org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource注释来设置属性值。您甚至可以使用这种方法向依赖bean实例注入属性
例如
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = FooTest.Config.class)
@TestPropertySource(properties = {
"some.bar.value=testValue",
})
public class FooTest {
@Value("${some.bar.value}")
String bar;
@Test
public void testValueSetup() {
assertEquals("testValue", bar);
}
@Configuration
static class Config {
@Bean
public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertiesResolver() {
return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
}
}
}
注意:在Spring上下文中必须有org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer实例
编辑24-08-2017:如果你使用SpringBoot 1.4.0及以后版本，你可以用@SpringBootTest和@SpringBootConfiguration注解初始化测试。更多信息请点击这里
对于SpringBoot，我们有以下代码
@SpringBootTest
@SpringBootConfiguration
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@TestPropertySource(properties = {
"some.bar.value=testValue",
})
public class FooTest {
@Value("${some.bar.value}")
String bar;
@Test
public void testValueSetup() {
assertEquals("testValue", bar);
}
}
