查看示例http://www.roseindia.net/java/beginners/DateDifferent.shtml 这个例子给出了天、小时、分钟、秒和毫秒的差异:)。

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

public class DateDifferent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date date1 = new Date(2009, 01, 10);
        Date date2 = new Date(2009, 07, 01);
        Calendar calendar1 = Calendar.getInstance();
        Calendar calendar2 = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar1.setTime(date1);
        calendar2.setTime(date2);
        long milliseconds1 = calendar1.getTimeInMillis();
        long milliseconds2 = calendar2.getTimeInMillis();
        long diff = milliseconds2 - milliseconds1;
        long diffSeconds = diff / 1000;
        long diffMinutes = diff / (60 * 1000);
        long diffHours = diff / (60 * 60 * 1000);
        long diffDays = diff / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
        System.out.println("\nThe Date Different Example");
        System.out.println("Time in milliseconds: " + diff + " milliseconds.");
        System.out.println("Time in seconds: " + diffSeconds + " seconds.");
        System.out.println("Time in minutes: " + diffMinutes + " minutes.");
        System.out.println("Time in hours: " + diffHours + " hours.");
        System.out.println("Time in days: " + diffDays + " days.");
    }
}

以下是一种解决方案，因为我们有许多方法可以实现这一点:

  import java.util.*; 
   int syear = 2000;
   int eyear = 2000;
   int smonth = 2;//Feb
   int emonth = 3;//Mar
   int sday = 27;
   int eday = 1;
   Date startDate = new Date(syear-1900,smonth-1,sday);
   Date endDate = new Date(eyear-1900,emonth-1,eday);
   int difInDays = (int) ((endDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime())/(1000*60*60*24));

int daysDiff = (date1.getTime() - date2.getTime()) / MILLIS_PER_DAY;

以毫秒为单位减去日期是可行的(如另一篇文章所述)，但在清除日期的时间部分时，你必须使用HOUR_OF_DAY而不是HOUR:

public static final long MSPERDAY = 60 * 60 * 24 * 1000;
...
final Calendar dateStartCal = Calendar.getInstance();
dateStartCal.setTime(dateStart);
dateStartCal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0); // Crucial.
dateStartCal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
dateStartCal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
dateStartCal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
final Calendar dateEndCal = Calendar.getInstance();
dateEndCal.setTime(dateEnd);
dateEndCal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0); // Crucial.
dateEndCal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
dateEndCal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
dateEndCal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
final long dateDifferenceInDays = ( dateStartCal.getTimeInMillis()
                                  - dateEndCal.getTimeInMillis()
                                  ) / MSPERDAY;
if (dateDifferenceInDays > 15) {
    // Do something if difference > 15 days
}

由于这里所有的答案都是正确的，但使用传统java或第三方库，如joda或类似的，我将放弃使用新java的另一种方式。Java 8及以后版本中的时间类。参见Oracle教程。

使用LocalDate和ChronoUnit:

LocalDate d1 = LocalDate.of(2017, 5, 1);
LocalDate d2 = LocalDate.of(2017, 5, 18);

long days = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(d1, d2);
System.out.println( days );

@Michael Borgwardt的回答实际上在Android上不能正常运行。存在舍入错误。例如5月19日到21日是1天，因为它是1.99:1。在转换为int型之前使用round。

Fix

int diffInDays = (int)Math.round(( (newerDate.getTime() - olderDate.getTime()) 
                 / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24) ))

请注意，这适用于UTC日期，因此如果查看本地日期，差异可能会减小一天。由于夏时制的原因，要让它在本地日期上正确工作，需要一种完全不同的方法。