Thread wait on the monitoring object (object used by synchronization block), There can be n number of monitoring object in whole journey of a single thread. If Thread wait outside the synchronization block then there is no monitoring object and also other thread notify to access for the monitoring object, so how would the thread outside the synchronization block would know that it has been notified. This is also one of the reason that wait(), notify() and notifyAll() are in object class rather than thread class.

基本上监视对象在这里是所有线程的公共资源，监视对象只能在同步块中可用。

class A {
   int a = 0;
  //something......
  public void add() {
   synchronization(this) {
      //this is your monitoring object and thread has to wait to gain lock on **this**
       }
  }

如果在wait()之前没有同步，可能会导致如下问题:

If the 1st thread goes into makeChangeOnX() and checks the while condition, and it is true (x.metCondition() returns false, means x.condition is false) so it will get inside it. Then just before the wait() method, another thread goes to setConditionToTrue() and sets the x.condition to true and notifyAll(). Then only after that, the 1st thread will enter his wait() method (not affected by the notifyAll() that happened few moments before). In this case, the 1st thread will stay waiting for another thread to perform setConditionToTrue(), but that might not happen again.

但是如果你把synchronized放在改变对象状态的方法之前，这就不会发生。

class A {

    private Object X;

    makeChangeOnX(){
        while (! x.getCondition()){
            wait();
            }
        // Do the change
    }

    setConditionToTrue(){
        x.condition = true; 
        notifyAll();

    }
    setConditionToFalse(){
        x.condition = false;
        notifyAll();
    }
    bool getCondition(){
        return x.condition;
    }
}

我们都知道wait()， notify()和notifyAll()方法用于线程间 通信。为摆脱误信号和伪唤醒问题，等待线程 总是等待一些条件。 例如,

boolean wasNotified = false;
while(!wasNotified) {
    wait();
}

然后通知线程集wasNotified变量为true和notify。

每个线程都有自己的本地缓存，所以所有的更改都先写在那里 然后逐步提升到主存。

是否这些方法没有在同步块中调用，wasNotified变量 不会被刷新到主内存中，而是在线程的本地缓存中 因此，等待线程将继续等待信号，尽管它已通过通知重置 线程。

为了修复这些类型的问题，这些方法总是在同步块中调用 这确保当同步块开始时，那么一切将从主读取 内存，并将在退出同步块之前被刷新到主内存。

synchronized(monitor) {
    boolean wasNotified = false;
    while(!wasNotified) {
        wait();
    }
}

谢谢，希望它能澄清。

@Rollerball是对的。调用wait()，以便线程可以等待某些条件的发生，当wait()调用发生时，线程被迫放弃它的锁。 要放弃一些东西，你需要先拥有它。线程首先需要拥有锁。 因此需要在同步方法/块中调用它。

是的，我同意上面所有关于潜在损害/不一致的答案，如果你没有检查同步方法/块中的条件。然而，正如@shrini1000所指出的，只是在同步块中调用wait()并不能避免这种不一致的发生。

这是一篇不错的文章。

根据文档:

当前线程必须拥有该对象的监视器。线程释放 这个监视器的所有权。

Wait()方法仅仅意味着它释放对象上的锁。因此，对象只在同步块/方法中被锁定。如果线程在同步块之外意味着它没有被锁定，如果它没有被锁定那么你会释放对象上的什么?

Thread wait on the monitoring object (object used by synchronization block), There can be n number of monitoring object in whole journey of a single thread. If Thread wait outside the synchronization block then there is no monitoring object and also other thread notify to access for the monitoring object, so how would the thread outside the synchronization block would know that it has been notified. This is also one of the reason that wait(), notify() and notifyAll() are in object class rather than thread class.

基本上监视对象在这里是所有线程的公共资源，监视对象只能在同步块中可用。

class A {
   int a = 0;
  //something......
  public void add() {
   synchronization(this) {
      //this is your monitoring object and thread has to wait to gain lock on **this**
       }
  }