这是一种“功能性的”、“单行程序”实现。它是递归的，基于条件表达式和字典理解。

def flatten_dict(dd, separator='_', prefix=''):
    return { prefix + separator + k if prefix else k : v
             for kk, vv in dd.items()
             for k, v in flatten_dict(vv, separator, kk).items()
             } if isinstance(dd, dict) else { prefix : dd }

测试:

In [2]: flatten_dict({'abc':123, 'hgf':{'gh':432, 'yu':433}, 'gfd':902, 'xzxzxz':{"432":{'0b0b0b':231}, "43234":1321}}, '.')
Out[2]: 
{'abc': 123,
 'gfd': 902,
 'hgf.gh': 432,
 'hgf.yu': 433,
 'xzxzxz.432.0b0b0b': 231,
 'xzxzxz.43234': 1321}

你可以使用递归来平展你的字典。

import collections


def flatten(
    nested_dict,
    seperator='.',
    name=None,
):
    flatten_dict = {}

    if not nested_dict:
        return flatten_dict

    if isinstance(
        nested_dict,
        collections.abc.MutableMapping,
    ):
        for key, value in nested_dict.items():
            if name is not None:
                flatten_dict.update(
                    flatten(
                        nested_dict=value,
                        seperator=seperator,
                        name=f'{name}{seperator}{key}',
                    ),
                )
            else:
                flatten_dict.update(
                    flatten(
                        nested_dict=value,
                        seperator=seperator,
                        name=key,
                    ),
                )
    else:
        flatten_dict[name] = nested_dict

    return flatten_dict


if __name__ == '__main__':
    nested_dict = {
        1: 'a',
        2: {
            3: 'c',
            4: {
                5: 'e',
            },
            6: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ],
        },
    }

    print(
        flatten(
            nested_dict=nested_dict,
        ),
    )

输出:

{
   "1":"a",
   "2.3":"c",
   "2.4.5":"e",
   "2.6":[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
}

基本上与平铺嵌套列表的方法相同，您只需要做额外的工作，按键/值迭代字典，为新字典创建新键，并在最后一步创建字典。

import collections

def flatten(d, parent_key='', sep='_'):
    items = []
    for k, v in d.items():
        new_key = parent_key + sep + k if parent_key else k
        if isinstance(v, collections.MutableMapping):
            items.extend(flatten(v, new_key, sep=sep).items())
        else:
            items.append((new_key, v))
    return dict(items)

>>> flatten({'a': 1, 'c': {'a': 2, 'b': {'x': 5, 'y' : 10}}, 'd': [1, 2, 3]})
{'a': 1, 'c_a': 2, 'c_b_x': 5, 'd': [1, 2, 3], 'c_b_y': 10}

对于Python >= 3.3，将导入更改为from collections。abc导入MutableMapping以避免弃用警告和更改集合。MutableMapping变成MutableMapping。

这是一种“功能性的”、“单行程序”实现。它是递归的，基于条件表达式和字典理解。

def flatten_dict(dd, separator='_', prefix=''):
    return { prefix + separator + k if prefix else k : v
             for kk, vv in dd.items()
             for k, v in flatten_dict(vv, separator, kk).items()
             } if isinstance(dd, dict) else { prefix : dd }

测试:

In [2]: flatten_dict({'abc':123, 'hgf':{'gh':432, 'yu':433}, 'gfd':902, 'xzxzxz':{"432":{'0b0b0b':231}, "43234":1321}}, '.')
Out[2]: 
{'abc': 123,
 'gfd': 902,
 'hgf.gh': 432,
 'hgf.yu': 433,
 'xzxzxz.432.0b0b0b': 231,
 'xzxzxz.43234': 1321}

使用dict.popitem()在直接的嵌套列表类递归中:

def flatten(d):
    if d == {}:
        return d
    else:
        k,v = d.popitem()
        if (dict != type(v)):
            return {k:v, **flatten(d)}
        else:
            flat_kv = flatten(v)
            for k1 in list(flat_kv.keys()):
                flat_kv[k + '_' + k1] = flat_kv[k1]
                del flat_kv[k1]
            return {**flat_kv, **flatten(d)}

使用发电机:

def flat_dic_helper(prepand,d):
    if len(prepand) > 0:
        prepand = prepand + "_"
    for k in d:
        i = d[k]
        if isinstance(i, dict):
            r = flat_dic_helper(prepand + k,i)
            for j in r:
                yield j
        else:
            yield (prepand + k,i)

def flat_dic(d):
    return dict(flat_dic_helper("",d))

d = {'a': 1, 'c': {'a': 2, 'b': {'x': 5, 'y' : 10}}, 'd': [1, 2, 3]}
print(flat_dic(d))


>> {'a': 1, 'c_a': 2, 'c_b_x': 5, 'd': [1, 2, 3], 'c_b_y': 10}