你可以使用Java反射api:

    @PrePersist
    void preInsert() {
       PrePersistUtil.pre(this);
    }

这很常见:

    public class PrePersistUtil {

        private static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");


        public static void pre(Object object){
            try {
                Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
                for(Field field : fields){
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    if (field.getType().getName().equals("java.lang.Long")
                            && field.get(object) == null){
                        field.set(object,0L);
                    }else if    (field.getType().getName().equals("java.lang.String")
                            && field.get(object) == null){
                        field.set(object,"");
                    }else if (field.getType().getName().equals("java.util.Date")
                            && field.get(object) == null){
                        field.set(object,sdf.parse("1900-01-01"));
                    }else if (field.getType().getName().equals("java.lang.Double")
                            && field.get(object) == null){
                        field.set(object,0.0d);
                    }else if (field.getType().getName().equals("java.lang.Integer")
                            && field.get(object) == null){
                        field.set(object,0);
                    }else if (field.getType().getName().equals("java.lang.Float")
                            && field.get(object) == null){
                        field.set(object,0.0f);
                    }
                }
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

在2017年，JPA 2.1仍然只有@Column(columnDefinition='…')，您可以将列的文字SQL定义放在其中。这是相当不灵活的，并迫使您还声明其他方面，如类型，从而缩短了JPA实现在这方面的视图。

Hibernate有这个:

@Column(length = 4096, nullable = false)
@org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnDefault("")
private String description;

标识通过DDL应用到关联列的DEFAULT值。

Hibernate 4.3文档(4.3是为了显示它已经存在很长时间了) 数据库列的默认值为Hibernate手册

两点注意事项:

1) Don't be afraid of going non-standard. Working as a JBoss developer, I've seen quite some specification processes. The specification is basically the baseline that the big players in given field are willing to commit to support for the next decade or so. It's true for security, for messaging, ORM is no difference (although JPA covers quite a lot). My experience as a developer is that in a complex application, sooner or later you will need a non-standard API anyway. And @ColumnDefault is an example when it outweigts the negatives of using a non-standard solution.

2)每个人都挥动@PrePersist或构造函数成员初始化的方式很好。但这不是一回事。批量SQL更新怎么样?不设置列的语句呢?DEFAULT有它自己的角色，不能通过初始化Java类成员来替代。

可以在数据库设计器中定义默认值，也可以在创建表时定义。例如，在SQL Server中，您可以将Date字段的默认库设置为(getDate())。如列定义中所述，使用insertable=false。JPA不会在插入时指定该列，数据库将为您生成该值。

另一种方法是使用javax.persistence.PrePersist

@PrePersist
void preInsert() {
   if (this.createdTime == null)
       this.createdTime = new Date();
}

当您在插入数据时在数据库中设置默认约束时，@Column(columnDefinition='…')不工作。 你需要使insertable = false并删除columnDefinition='…’，那么数据库将自动从数据库中插入默认值。 例如，当你在数据库中设置varchar时，性别默认为男性。 你只需要在Hibernate/JPA中添加insertable = false，它就可以工作了。

在我的例子中，我修改了休眠核源代码，好吧，引入了一个新的注释@DefaultValue:

commit 34199cba96b6b1dc42d0d19c066bd4d119b553d5
Author: Lenik <xjl at 99jsj.com>
Date:   Wed Dec 21 13:28:33 2011 +0800

    Add default-value ddl support with annotation @DefaultValue.

diff --git a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/annotations/DefaultValue.java b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/annotations/DefaultValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3e605e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/annotations/DefaultValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package org.hibernate.annotations;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+
+/**
+ * Specify a default value for the column.
+ *
+ * This is used to generate the auto DDL.
+ *
+ * WARNING: This is not part of JPA 2.0 specification.
+ *
+ * @author 谢继雷
+ */
+@java.lang.annotation.Target({ FIELD, METHOD })
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+public @interface DefaultValue {
+
+    /**
+     * The default value sql fragment.
+     *
+     * For string values, you need to quote the value like 'foo'.
+     *
+     * Because different database implementation may use different 
+     * quoting format, so this is not portable. But for simple values
+     * like number and strings, this is generally enough for use.
+     */
+    String value();
+
+}
diff --git a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3Column.java b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3Column.java
index b289b1e..ac57f1a 100644
--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3Column.java
+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3Column.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import org.hibernate.AnnotationException;
 import org.hibernate.AssertionFailure;
 import org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnTransformer;
 import org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnTransformers;
+import org.hibernate.annotations.DefaultValue;
 import org.hibernate.annotations.common.reflection.XProperty;
 import org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.Nullability;
 import org.hibernate.mapping.Column;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ public class Ejb3Column {
    private String propertyName;
    private boolean unique;
    private boolean nullable = true;
+   private String defaultValue;
    private String formulaString;
    private Formula formula;
    private Table table;
@@ -175,7 +177,15 @@ public class Ejb3Column {
        return mappingColumn.isNullable();
    }

-   public Ejb3Column() {
+   public String getDefaultValue() {
+        return defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setDefaultValue(String defaultValue) {
+        this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    public Ejb3Column() {
    }

    public void bind() {
@@ -186,7 +196,7 @@ public class Ejb3Column {
        }
        else {
            initMappingColumn(
-                   logicalColumnName, propertyName, length, precision, scale, nullable, sqlType, unique, true
+                   logicalColumnName, propertyName, length, precision, scale, nullable, sqlType, unique, defaultValue, true
            );
            log.debug( "Binding column: " + toString());
        }
@@ -201,6 +211,7 @@ public class Ejb3Column {
            boolean nullable,
            String sqlType,
            boolean unique,
+           String defaultValue,
            boolean applyNamingStrategy) {
        if ( StringHelper.isNotEmpty( formulaString ) ) {
            this.formula = new Formula();
@@ -217,6 +228,7 @@ public class Ejb3Column {
            this.mappingColumn.setNullable( nullable );
            this.mappingColumn.setSqlType( sqlType );
            this.mappingColumn.setUnique( unique );
+           this.mappingColumn.setDefaultValue(defaultValue);

            if(writeExpression != null && !writeExpression.matches("[^?]*\\?[^?]*")) {
                throw new AnnotationException(
@@ -454,6 +466,11 @@ public class Ejb3Column {
                    else {
                        column.setLogicalColumnName( columnName );
                    }
+                   DefaultValue _defaultValue = inferredData.getProperty().getAnnotation(DefaultValue.class);
+                   if (_defaultValue != null) {
+                       String defaultValue = _defaultValue.value();
+                       column.setDefaultValue(defaultValue);
+                   }

                    column.setPropertyName(
                            BinderHelper.getRelativePath( propertyHolder, inferredData.getPropertyName() )
diff --git a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3JoinColumn.java b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3JoinColumn.java
index e57636a..3d871f7 100644
--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3JoinColumn.java
+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/cfg/Ejb3JoinColumn.java
@@ -423,6 +424,7 @@ public class Ejb3JoinColumn extends Ejb3Column {
                getMappingColumn() != null ? getMappingColumn().isNullable() : false,
                referencedColumn.getSqlType(),
                getMappingColumn() != null ? getMappingColumn().isUnique() : false,
+               null, // default-value
                false
        );
        linkWithValue( value );
@@ -502,6 +504,7 @@ public class Ejb3JoinColumn extends Ejb3Column {
                getMappingColumn().isNullable(),
                column.getSqlType(),
                getMappingColumn().isUnique(),
+               null, // default-value
                false //We do copy no strategy here
        );
        linkWithValue( value );

好吧，这是一个仅限休眠的解决方案。