我试图在Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)上安装Node.js，但终端显示关于丢失包的错误。我试过这样做:
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs npm
但是当我来到最后一行sudo apt-get install nodejs npm显示这个错误:
Failed to install some packages. This may mean that
you requested an impossible situation or if you are using the distribution
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been
been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
nodejs: Conflicts: npm
E: Failed to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
然后我卸载了ppa:chris-lea/node.js，我正在尝试第二种选择:
sudo apt-get install node.js
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs npm
同样的错误，终端说npm是最新版本，但它也显示了我在顶部显示的文本。我认为问题是ppa:chris-lea/node.js，但我不知道如何解决它。
下面是使用express生成器创建第一个程序的完整描述，
Ubuntu的包管理器
通过apt-get安装Node.js和npm，运行这些命令:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/node
sudo apt-get install npm
快速应用程序生成器:
$ npm install express-generator -g
使用-h选项显示命令选项:
$ express -h
Usage: express [options] [dir]
Options:
-h, --help output usage information
-V, --version output the version number
-e, --ejs add ejs engine support (defaults to jade)
--hbs add handlebars engine support
-H, --hogan add hogan.js engine support
-c, --css <engine> add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus|compass|sass) (defaults to plain css)
--git add .gitignore
-f, --force force on non-empty directory
例如，下面在当前工作目录中创建一个名为myapp的Express应用程序:
$ express myapp
create : myapp
create : myapp/package.json
create : myapp/app.js
create : myapp/public
create : myapp/public/javascripts
create : myapp/public/images
create : myapp/routes
create : myapp/routes/index.js
create : myapp/routes/users.js
create : myapp/public/stylesheets
create : myapp/public/stylesheets/style.css
create : myapp/views
create : myapp/views/index.jade
create : myapp/views/layout.jade
create : myapp/views/error.jade
create : myapp/bin
create : myapp/bin/www
然后安装依赖项:
$ cd myapp
$ npm install
用下面的命令运行app:
$ DEBUG=myapp:* npm start
然后在浏览器中加载http://localhost:3000/以访问应用程序。
生成的应用程序具有以下目录结构:
├── app.js
├── bin
│ └── www
├── package.json
├── public
│ ├── images
│ ├── javascripts
│ └── stylesheets
│ └── style.css
├── routes
│ ├── index.js
│ └── users.js
└── views
├── error.jade
├── index.jade
└── layout.jade
7 directories, 9 files
只要按照这里的官方说明来安装Ubuntu
安装说明
Node.js LTS(截至2022年1月是v16.x):
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_lts.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
Node.js Current(截至2022年1月是v17.x):
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_current.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
node . js v17.x:
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_17.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
node . js v16.x:
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
node . js v14.x:
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
node . js v12.x:
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
可选:安装构建工具
为了从npm编译和安装本地插件，你可能还需要安装构建工具:
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential
