在Django表单中,我如何使字段只读(或禁用)?

当使用表单创建新条目时,应该启用所有字段——但当记录处于更新模式时,某些字段需要为只读。

例如,当创建一个新的Item模型时,所有字段都必须是可编辑的,但是在更新记录时,是否有一种方法禁用sku字段,使其可见,但不能编辑?

class Item(models.Model):
    sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)


class ItemForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Item
        exclude = ('added_by')

def new_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemForm(request.POST)
        # Validate and save
    else:
            form = ItemForm()
    # Render the view

ItemForm类可以重用吗?ItemForm或Item模型类需要做哪些更改?我是否需要编写另一个类“ItemUpdateForm”来更新项目?

def update_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemUpdateForm(request.POST)
        # Validate and save
    else:
        form = ItemUpdateForm()

当前回答

基于@paeduardo的回答(这是多余的),你可以在表单类初始化器中禁用一个字段:

class RecordForm(ModelForm):

     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
            var = self.fields['the_field']
            var.disabled = True

其他回答

我刚刚为一个只读字段创建了一个最简单的小部件——我真的不明白为什么表单还没有这个:

class ReadOnlyWidget(widgets.Widget):
    """Some of these values are read only - just a bit of text..."""
    def render(self, _, value, attrs=None):
        return value

在表格中:

my_read_only = CharField(widget=ReadOnlyWidget())

非常简单,只输出结果。在一个有一堆只读值的表单集中很方便。 当然,你也可以更聪明一点,给它一个带有attrs的div,这样你就可以在上面添加类了。

对于Django 1.2+,你可以像这样重写字段:

sku = forms.CharField(widget = forms.TextInput(attrs={'readonly':'readonly'}))

基于yamiack的回答,我找到了一个更好的、非常简单的解决方案,它也可以处理ModelMultipleChoiceField字段。

从表单中删除字段。Cleaned_data禁止保存字段:

class ReadOnlyFieldsMixin(object):
    readonly_fields = ()

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        for field in (field for name, field in self.fields.iteritems() if
                      name in self.readonly_fields):
            field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'true'
            field.required = False

    def clean(self):
        for f in self.readonly_fields:
            self.cleaned_data.pop(f, None)
        return super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).clean()

用法:

class MyFormWithReadOnlyFields(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, MyForm):
    readonly_fields = ('field1', 'field2', 'fieldx')

对于Admin版本,如果你有多个字段,我认为这是一个更紧凑的方式:

def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None):
    skips = ('sku', 'other_field')
    fields = super(ItemAdmin, self).get_readonly_fields(request, obj)

    if not obj:
        return [field for field in fields if not field in skips]
    return fields

你可以这样做:

检查请求是否更新或保存一个新对象。 如果请求更新,则禁用字段sku。 如果请求是添加一个新对象,那么您必须在不禁用字段sku的情况下呈现表单。

这里有一个如何这样做的例子。

class Item(models.Model):
    sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)


class ItemForm(ModelForm):
    def disable_sku_field(self):
        elf.fields['sku'].widget.attrs['readonly'] = True

    class Meta:
        model = Item
        exclude = ('added_by')

def new_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemForm(request.POST)
        # Just create an object or instance of the form.
        # Validate and save
    else:
            form = ItemForm()
    # Render the view

def update_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemForm(request.POST)
        # Just create an object or instance of the form.
        # Validate and save
    else:
        form = ItemForm()
        form.disable_sku_field() # call the method that will disable field.

    # Render the view with the form that will have the `sku` field disabled on it.