我对Python程序如何预提交感兴趣。这是代码。 https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit/blob/3fe38dff05957f609cf7b97f471b35a8d9e0659a/pre_commit/staged_files_only.py#L50

它在功能上等同于:

git diff-index --ignore-submodules --binary --exit-code --no-color --no-ext-diff $(git write-tree) -- >stash.patch
git checkout -- .

# Do stuff now

git apply stash.patch && rm stash.patch

这是(在我看来)最好的解决方案，这完全符合OP的要求。它只存储未暂存的、被跟踪的文件——无需不必要的提交或使用——keep-index存储所有更改的文件

它列出了所有未分段的、跟踪的更改(git diff——name-only)，将换行符转换为空格(| tr '\n' ' ' ')，并使用git stash push存储所有这些文件:

git stash push $(git diff --name-only | tr '\n' ' ')

2022:我在“在git中只存储阶段性变化-这可能吗?”中提到，git 2.35(第一季度2022)附带了“git隐藏推送-阶段性”(男人):

此选项仅对推送和保存命令有效。 只保存当前暂存的更改。 这类似于基本的git提交，除了状态提交到stash而不是当前分支。

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2019:该命令的现代形式是git stash push[——][<pathspec>…]]，因为Git 2.16+ (Git保存已弃用)

你可以将其与通配符表单结合起来，例如:

git stash push --all --keep-index ':(glob)**/*.testextension' 

但这并不适用于Git for Windows，直到Git 2.22(2019年第二季度)，见issue 2037，考虑到Git stash已在C中重新实现(而不是shell脚本)。

参见Thomas Gummerer (tummerer)的commit 7db9302(2019年3月11日)。 参见Johannes Schindelin (dscho)的commit 1366c78, commit 7b556aa(2019年3月07日)。 (由Junio C Hamano - gitster -在commit 0ba1ba4中合并，2019年4月22日)

built-in stash: handle :(glob) pathspecs again When passing a list of pathspecs to, say, git add, we need to be careful to use the original form, not the parsed form of the pathspecs. This makes a difference e.g. when calling git stash -- ':(glob)**/*.txt' where the original form includes the :(glob) prefix while the parsed form does not. However, in the built-in git stash, we passed the parsed (i.e. incorrect) form, and git add would fail with the error message: fatal: pathspec '**/*.txt' did not match any files at the stage where git stash drops the changes from the worktree, even if refs/stash has been actually updated successfully.

To my knowledge, it is currently impossible to save only unstaged changes in the working tree with git stash push, i.e. to save changes from the index state. This command saves all changes in the working tree (staged and unstaged changes), i.e. changes from the HEAD state, even with the option --keep-index which also sets the working tree state to the index state instead of the HEAD state (thereby creating conflicts when restoring the changes from the HEAD state with git stash pop). It would be very convenient if git stash push had an option -U|--unstaged for saving only unstaged changes (to me the option --keep-index is flawed), since it has already an option -S|--staged for saving only staged changes.

所以现在你必须模仿

git stash push --unstaged

git stash pop

使用临时文件:

git diff >unstaged
git restore .

git apply unstaged
rm unstaged

您的用例是在提交部分更改之前进行测试，它已经在参考文档中，但是使用了有缺陷的选项——keep-index，这会产生冲突。下面是带有模拟选项-U|——unstaging的版本:

git init
echo one >file
git add file
git commit
echo two >>file
git add file
echo three >>file
git diff >unstaged
git restore .
test
git commit
git apply unstaged
rm unstaged

想象状态

为了更好地理解存储，我认为在每一步查看工作树、索引和HEAD的状态是很重要的。让我们看看你的用例。

git init

回显一个>文件

Git添加文件

git提交

回显两个>>文件

Git添加文件

回三>>文件

愉快

去恢复.

test

git提交

Git应用unstaging

罗unstaged

Git stash push有一个选项——keep-index，这正是你所需要的。

运行git stash push——keep-index。

git stash save --keep-index

此外,Re:

为什么不在提交更改之后提交它们呢?——心

答:因为你应该总是签入测试过的代码:)这意味着，你只需要用你即将提交的更改来运行测试

当然，作为一名有经验的程序员，您天生就有测试和检查这些更改的冲动——这只是在开玩笑