实现以下目标最有效的算法是什么:
0010 0000 => 0000 0100
从MSB->LSB转换为LSB->MSB。所有位都必须反转;也就是说,这不是字节交换。
实现以下目标最有效的算法是什么:
0010 0000 => 0000 0100
从MSB->LSB转换为LSB->MSB。所有位都必须反转;也就是说,这不是字节交换。
当前回答
这个线程引起了我的注意,因为它处理了一个简单的问题,即使对于现代CPU也需要大量的工作(CPU周期)。有一天我也站在那里,有同样的¤#%“#”问题。我得翻几百万字节。然而,我知道我所有的目标系统都是基于现代英特尔的,所以让我们开始优化到极致!!
所以我使用了Matt J的查找代码作为基础。我正在基准测试的系统是i7 haswell 4700eq。
Matt J的查找位翻转400亿字节:大约0.272秒。
然后我继续尝试,看看英特尔的ISPC编译器是否可以向量化反向的算术。c。
我不打算在这里用我的发现来烦你,因为我尝试了很多来帮助编译器找到东西,无论如何,我最终得到了大约0.15秒的性能来bitflip 400亿字节。这是一个伟大的减少,但对于我的应用程序,这仍然是方式方式太慢。
所以人们让我展示世界上最快的基于英特尔的bitflipper。定时:
时间到bitflip 400000000字节:0.050082秒!!!!!
// Bitflip using AVX2 - The fastest Intel based bitflip in the world!!
// Made by Anders Cedronius 2014 (anders.cedronius (you know what) gmail.com)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <omp.h>
using namespace std;
#define DISPLAY_HEIGHT 4
#define DISPLAY_WIDTH 32
#define NUM_DATA_BYTES 400000000
// Constants (first we got the mask, then the high order nibble look up table and last we got the low order nibble lookup table)
__attribute__ ((aligned(32))) static unsigned char k1[32*3]={
0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,
0x00,0x08,0x04,0x0c,0x02,0x0a,0x06,0x0e,0x01,0x09,0x05,0x0d,0x03,0x0b,0x07,0x0f,0x00,0x08,0x04,0x0c,0x02,0x0a,0x06,0x0e,0x01,0x09,0x05,0x0d,0x03,0x0b,0x07,0x0f,
0x00,0x80,0x40,0xc0,0x20,0xa0,0x60,0xe0,0x10,0x90,0x50,0xd0,0x30,0xb0,0x70,0xf0,0x00,0x80,0x40,0xc0,0x20,0xa0,0x60,0xe0,0x10,0x90,0x50,0xd0,0x30,0xb0,0x70,0xf0
};
// The data to be bitflipped (+32 to avoid the quantization out of memory problem)
__attribute__ ((aligned(32))) static unsigned char data[NUM_DATA_BYTES+32]={};
extern "C" {
void bitflipbyte(unsigned char[],unsigned int,unsigned char[]);
}
int main()
{
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < NUM_DATA_BYTES; i++)
{
data[i] = rand();
}
printf ("\r\nData in(start):\r\n");
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < DISPLAY_WIDTH; i++)
{
printf ("0x%02x,",data[i+(j*DISPLAY_WIDTH)]);
}
printf ("\r\n");
}
printf ("\r\nNumber of 32-byte chunks to convert: %d\r\n",(unsigned int)ceil(NUM_DATA_BYTES/32.0));
double start_time = omp_get_wtime();
bitflipbyte(data,(unsigned int)ceil(NUM_DATA_BYTES/32.0),k1);
double end_time = omp_get_wtime();
printf ("\r\nData out:\r\n");
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < DISPLAY_WIDTH; i++)
{
printf ("0x%02x,",data[i+(j*DISPLAY_WIDTH)]);
}
printf ("\r\n");
}
printf("\r\n\r\nTime to bitflip %d bytes: %f seconds\r\n\r\n",NUM_DATA_BYTES, end_time-start_time);
// return with no errors
return 0;
}
printf是用来调试的。
这是主要的工作:
bits 64
global bitflipbyte
bitflipbyte:
vmovdqa ymm2, [rdx]
add rdx, 20h
vmovdqa ymm3, [rdx]
add rdx, 20h
vmovdqa ymm4, [rdx]
bitflipp_loop:
vmovdqa ymm0, [rdi]
vpand ymm1, ymm2, ymm0
vpandn ymm0, ymm2, ymm0
vpsrld ymm0, ymm0, 4h
vpshufb ymm1, ymm4, ymm1
vpshufb ymm0, ymm3, ymm0
vpor ymm0, ymm0, ymm1
vmovdqa [rdi], ymm0
add rdi, 20h
dec rsi
jnz bitflipp_loop
ret
代码占用32个字节,然后屏蔽掉蚕食。高啃角右移了4。然后使用vpshufb和ymm4 / ymm3作为查找表。我可以使用一个单独的查找表,但我将不得不在ORing再次一起啃啃之前向左移动。
还有更快的翻转比特的方法。但我被绑定到单线程和CPU,所以这是我能实现的最快速度。你能做一个快一点的版本吗?
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其他回答
似乎许多其他帖子都关心速度(即最好=最快)。 简单性怎么样?考虑:
char ReverseBits(char character) {
char reversed_character = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
char ith_bit = (c >> i) & 1;
reversed_character |= (ith_bit << (sizeof(char) - 1 - i));
}
return reversed_character;
}
并希望聪明的编译器将为您优化。
如果你想反转一个更长的位列表(包含sizeof(char) * n位),你可以使用这个函数得到:
void ReverseNumber(char* number, int bit_count_in_number) {
int bytes_occupied = bit_count_in_number / sizeof(char);
// first reverse bytes
for (int i = 0; i <= (bytes_occupied / 2); i++) {
swap(long_number[i], long_number[n - i]);
}
// then reverse bits of each individual byte
for (int i = 0; i < bytes_occupied; i++) {
long_number[i] = ReverseBits(long_number[i]);
}
}
这将把[10000000,10101010]反向转换为[01010101,00000001]。
对于喜欢递归的人来说,这是另一个解决方案。
这个想法很简单。 将输入除以一半并交换两部分,继续直到达到单个位。
Illustrated in the example below.
Ex : If Input is 00101010 ==> Expected output is 01010100
1. Divide the input into 2 halves
0010 --- 1010
2. Swap the 2 Halves
1010 0010
3. Repeat the same for each half.
10 -- 10 --- 00 -- 10
10 10 10 00
1-0 -- 1-0 --- 1-0 -- 0-0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
Done! Output is 01010100
这里有一个递归函数来求解。(注意,我使用了unsigned int,所以它可以用于sizeof(unsigned int)*8位的输入。
递归函数有两个参数-需要位的值 要反转的值和值中的比特数。
int reverse_bits_recursive(unsigned int num, unsigned int numBits)
{
unsigned int reversedNum;;
unsigned int mask = 0;
mask = (0x1 << (numBits/2)) - 1;
if (numBits == 1) return num;
reversedNum = reverse_bits_recursive(num >> numBits/2, numBits/2) |
reverse_bits_recursive((num & mask), numBits/2) << numBits/2;
return reversedNum;
}
int main()
{
unsigned int reversedNum;
unsigned int num;
num = 0x55;
reversedNum = reverse_bits_recursive(num, 8);
printf ("Bit Reversal Input = 0x%x Output = 0x%x\n", num, reversedNum);
num = 0xabcd;
reversedNum = reverse_bits_recursive(num, 16);
printf ("Bit Reversal Input = 0x%x Output = 0x%x\n", num, reversedNum);
num = 0x123456;
reversedNum = reverse_bits_recursive(num, 24);
printf ("Bit Reversal Input = 0x%x Output = 0x%x\n", num, reversedNum);
num = 0x11223344;
reversedNum = reverse_bits_recursive(num,32);
printf ("Bit Reversal Input = 0x%x Output = 0x%x\n", num, reversedNum);
}
输出如下:
Bit Reversal Input = 0x55 Output = 0xaa
Bit Reversal Input = 0xabcd Output = 0xb3d5
Bit Reversal Input = 0x123456 Output = 0x651690
Bit Reversal Input = 0x11223344 Output = 0x22cc4488
我的简单解决方案
BitReverse(IN)
OUT = 0x00;
R = 1; // Right mask ...0000.0001
L = 0; // Left mask 1000.0000...
L = ~0;
L = ~(i >> 1);
int size = sizeof(IN) * 4; // bit size
while(size--){
if(IN & L) OUT = OUT | R; // start from MSB 1000.xxxx
if(IN & R) OUT = OUT | L; // start from LSB xxxx.0001
L = L >> 1;
R = R << 1;
}
return OUT;
下面这个怎么样:
uint reverseMSBToLSB32ui(uint input)
{
uint output = 0x00000000;
uint toANDVar = 0;
int places = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 32; i++)
{
places = (32 - i);
toANDVar = (uint)(1 << places);
output |= (uint)(input & (toANDVar)) >> places;
}
return output;
}
小而简单(不过只有32位)。
实现低内存和最快。
private Byte BitReverse(Byte bData)
{
Byte[] lookup = { 0, 8, 4, 12,
2, 10, 6, 14 ,
1, 9, 5, 13,
3, 11, 7, 15 };
Byte ret_val = (Byte)(((lookup[(bData & 0x0F)]) << 4) + lookup[((bData & 0xF0) >> 4)]);
return ret_val;
}