当内存不足导致抛出OutOfMemoryError时会发生什么?

我知道每个对象都需要堆内存，堆栈上的每个原语/引用都需要堆栈内存。

当我试图在堆上创建一个对象，而内存不足时，JVM会在堆上创建一个java.lang.OutOfMemoryError，并将它抛出给我。

因此，这意味着JVM在启动时保留了一些内存。

当这个保留内存用完(它肯定会用完，请阅读下面的讨论)并且JVM在堆上没有足够的内存来创建java.lang.OutOfMemoryError实例时会发生什么?

它只是挂着吗?或者他会给我一个空，因为没有内存新的OOM实例?

try {
    Object o = new Object();
    // and operations which require memory (well.. that's like everything)
} catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e) {
    // JVM had insufficient memory to create an instance of java.lang.OutOfMemoryError to throw to us
    // what next? hangs here, stuck forever?
    // or would the machine decide to throw us a "null" ? (since it doesn't have memory to throw us anything more useful than a null)
    e.printStackTrace(); // e.printStackTrace() requires memory too.. =X
}

为什么JVM不能预留足够的内存?

无论保留了多少内存，如果JVM没有办法“回收”内存，仍然有可能用完内存:

try {
    Object o = new Object();
} catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e) {
    // JVM had 100 units of "spare memory". 1 is used to create this OOM.
    try {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e2) {
        // JVM had 99 units of "spare memory". 1 is used to create this OOM.
        try {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e3) {
            // JVM had 98 units of "spare memory". 1 is used to create this OOM.
            try {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e4) {
                // JVM had 97 units of "spare memory". 1 is used to create this OOM.
                try {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e5) {
                    // JVM had 96 units of "spare memory". 1 is used to create this OOM.
                    try {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e6) {
                        // JVM had 95 units of "spare memory". 1 is used to create this OOM.
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        //........the JVM can't have infinite reserved memory, he's going to run out in the end
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

或者更简洁地说:

private void OnOOM(java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e) {
    try {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (java.lang.OutOfMemoryError e2) {
        OnOOM(e2);
    }
}

当前回答

我非常确定，JVM将绝对确保它至少有足够的内存在内存耗尽之前抛出异常。

2012-02-13 13:56:14

其他回答

大多数运行时环境将在启动时预分配或预留足够的内存来处理内存不足的情况。我想大多数理智的JVM实现都会这样做。

2012-02-13 13:55:38

我非常确定，JVM将绝对确保它至少有足够的内存在内存耗尽之前抛出异常。

2012-02-13 13:56:14

Graham Borland似乎是对的:至少我的JVM显然重用了OutOfMemoryErrors。为了测试这一点，我写了一个简单的测试程序:

class OOMTest {
    private static void test (OutOfMemoryError o) {
        try {
            for (int n = 1; true; n += n) {
                int[] foo = new int[n];
            }
        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
            if (e == o)
                System.out.println("Got the same OutOfMemoryError twice: " + e);
            else test(e);
        }
    }
    public static void main (String[] args) {
        test(null);
    }
}

运行它会产生如下输出:

$ javac OOMTest.java && java -Xmx10m OOMTest 
Got the same OutOfMemoryError twice: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space

顺便说一句，我正在运行的JVM (Ubuntu 10.04)是这样的:

$ java -version
java version "1.6.0_26"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_26-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.1-b02, mixed mode)

编辑:我试着看看如果我使用以下程序强制JVM完全耗尽内存会发生什么:

class OOMTest2 {
    private static void test (int n) {
        int[] foo;
        try {
            foo = new int[n];
            test(n * 2);
        }
        catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
            test((n+1) / 2);
        }
    }
    public static void main (String[] args) {
        test(1);
    }
}

事实证明，它似乎是永远循环的。然而，奇怪的是，尝试用Ctrl+C终止程序却不起作用，而只给出以下消息:

Java HotSpot(TM) 64位服务器虚拟机警告:Java .lang. outofmemoryerror发生异常，向处理器发送SIGINT信号-虚拟机可能需要强制终止

2012-02-13 17:28:16

您似乎混淆了JVM保留的虚拟内存(JVM在其中运行Java程序)和主机操作系统的本机内存(JVM在其中作为本机进程运行)。您机器上的JVM运行在由操作系统管理的内存中，而不是JVM预留用于运行Java程序的内存中。

进一步阅读:

http://java.sys-con.com/node/1229281 http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/javasdk/tools/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.java.doc.igaa%2F_1vg000121410cbe-1195c23a635-7ffa_1001.html

最后需要注意的是，试图捕捉java.lang.Error(及其子类)以打印stacktrace可能不会为您提供任何有用的信息。相反，您需要一个堆转储。

2012-02-13 23:41:02

Exceptions indicating an attempt to violate the boundaries of a managed-memory environment are handled by the runtime of said environment, in this case the JVM. The JVM is its own process, which is running your application's IL. Should a program attempt to make a call that extends the call stack beyond the limits, or allocate more memory than the JVM can reserve, the runtime itself will inject an exception, which will cause the call stack to be unwound. Regardless of the amount of memory your program currently needs, or how deep its call stack, the JVM will have allocated enough memory within its own process bounds to create said exception and inject it into your code.

2012-02-13 23:46:53

当内存不足导致抛出OutOfMemoryError时会发生什么?

推荐文章

最新文章

标签