我想为备份和恢复添加官方docker文档。这适用于卷中的所有类型的数据，而不仅仅是postegres。

Backup a container Create a new container named dbstore: $ docker run -v /dbdata --name dbstore ubuntu /bin/bash Then in the next command, we: Launch a new container and mount the volume from the dbstore container Mount a local host directory as /backup Pass a command that tars the contents of the dbdata volume to a backup.tar file inside our /backup directory. $ docker run --rm --volumes-from dbstore -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu tar cvf /backup/backup.tar /dbdata When the command completes and the container stops, we are left with a backup of our dbdata volume. Restore container from backup With the backup just created, you can restore it to the same container, or another that you made elsewhere. For example, create a new container named dbstore2: $ docker run -v /dbdata --name dbstore2 ubuntu /bin/bash Then un-tar the backup file in the new container`s data volume: $ docker run --rm --volumes-from dbstore2 -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu bash -c "cd /dbdata && tar xvf /backup/backup.tar --strip 1" You can use the techniques above to automate backup, migration and restore testing using your preferred tools.

另一种方法是从主机上运行pg_restore(当然，如果您在主机上设置了postgres)命令。

假设在docker-compose文件中有postgres服务的端口映射“5436:5432”。有了这个端口映射，就可以通过主机的端口5436访问容器的postgres(运行在端口5432上)

pg_restore -h localhost -p 5436 -U <POSTGRES_USER> -d <POSTGRES_DB>  /Path/to/the/.psql/file/in/your/host_machine 

这样，您就不必深入容器的终端或将转储文件复制到容器中。

我认为您还可以使用postgres备份容器，它可以在给定的时间内备份您的数据库。

  pgbackups:
    container_name: Backup
    image: prodrigestivill/postgres-backup-local
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - ./backup:/backups
    links:
      - db:db
    depends_on:
      - db
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_HOST=db
      - POSTGRES_DB=${DB_NAME} 
      - POSTGRES_USER=${DB_USER}
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${DB_PASSWORD}
      - POSTGRES_EXTRA_OPTS=-Z9 --schema=public --blobs
      - SCHEDULE=@every 0h30m00s
      - BACKUP_KEEP_DAYS=7
      - BACKUP_KEEP_WEEKS=4
      - BACKUP_KEEP_MONTHS=6
      - HEALTHCHECK_PORT=81

Dksnap (https://github.com/kelda/dksnap)自动运行pg_dumpall并通过/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d加载转储。

它向您显示正在运行的容器列表，您可以选择要备份的容器。生成的工件是一个常规的Docker映像，因此您可以Docker运行它，或者通过将它推送到Docker注册表来共享它。

(免责声明:我是项目的维护者)

上面那个答案对我没用。我一直得到这个错误:

psql: error: FATAL:  Peer authentication failed for user "postgres"

为了让它工作，我必须为docker容器指定一个用户:

备份

docker exec -t --user postgres your-db-container pg_dumpall -c -U postgres > dump_`date +%d-%m-%Y"_"%H_%M_%S`.sql

恢复

cat your_dump.sql | docker exec -i --user postgres your-db-container psql -U postgres

我想为备份和恢复添加官方docker文档。这适用于卷中的所有类型的数据，而不仅仅是postegres。

Backup a container Create a new container named dbstore: $ docker run -v /dbdata --name dbstore ubuntu /bin/bash Then in the next command, we: Launch a new container and mount the volume from the dbstore container Mount a local host directory as /backup Pass a command that tars the contents of the dbdata volume to a backup.tar file inside our /backup directory. $ docker run --rm --volumes-from dbstore -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu tar cvf /backup/backup.tar /dbdata When the command completes and the container stops, we are left with a backup of our dbdata volume. Restore container from backup With the backup just created, you can restore it to the same container, or another that you made elsewhere. For example, create a new container named dbstore2: $ docker run -v /dbdata --name dbstore2 ubuntu /bin/bash Then un-tar the backup file in the new container`s data volume: $ docker run --rm --volumes-from dbstore2 -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu bash -c "cd /dbdata && tar xvf /backup/backup.tar --strip 1" You can use the techniques above to automate backup, migration and restore testing using your preferred tools.