/**
 * Asynchronously execute/include a PHP file. Does not record the output of the file anywhere. 
 *
 * @param string $filename              file to execute, relative to calling script
 * @param string $options               (optional) arguments to pass to file via the command line
 */ 
function asyncInclude($filename, $options = '') {
    exec("/path/to/php -f {$filename} {$options} >> /dev/null &");
}

我之前接受的答案行不通。它仍在等待回应。这虽然工作，采取从我如何使一个异步GET请求在PHP?

function post_without_wait($url, $params)
{
    foreach ($params as $key => &$val) {
      if (is_array($val)) $val = implode(',', $val);
        $post_params[] = $key.'='.urlencode($val);
    }
    $post_string = implode('&', $post_params);

    $parts=parse_url($url);

    $fp = fsockopen($parts['host'],
        isset($parts['port'])?$parts['port']:80,
        $errno, $errstr, 30);

    $out = "POST ".$parts['path']." HTTP/1.1\r\n";
    $out.= "Host: ".$parts['host']."\r\n";
    $out.= "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n";
    $out.= "Content-Length: ".strlen($post_string)."\r\n";
    $out.= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
    if (isset($post_string)) $out.= $post_string;

    fwrite($fp, $out);
    fclose($fp);
}

截至2018年，Guzzle已经成为HTTP请求事实上的标准库，在几个现代框架中使用。它是用纯PHP编写的，不需要安装任何自定义扩展。

它可以很好地执行异步HTTP调用，甚至可以在需要执行100个HTTP调用，但不想一次运行超过5个的情况下将它们合并在一起。

并发请求示例

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Promise;

$client = new Client(['base_uri' => 'http://httpbin.org/']);

// Initiate each request but do not block
$promises = [
    'image' => $client->getAsync('/image'),
    'png'   => $client->getAsync('/image/png'),
    'jpeg'  => $client->getAsync('/image/jpeg'),
    'webp'  => $client->getAsync('/image/webp')
];

// Wait on all of the requests to complete. Throws a ConnectException
// if any of the requests fail
$results = Promise\unwrap($promises);

// Wait for the requests to complete, even if some of them fail
$results = Promise\settle($promises)->wait();

// You can access each result using the key provided to the unwrap
// function.
echo $results['image']['value']->getHeader('Content-Length')[0]
echo $results['png']['value']->getHeader('Content-Length')[0]

看到http://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/quickstart.html并发请求

swoole扩展。https://github.com/matyhtf/swoole PHP的异步并发网络框架。

$client = new swoole_client(SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP, SWOOLE_SOCK_ASYNC);

$client->on("connect", function($cli) {
    $cli->send("hello world\n");
});

$client->on("receive", function($cli, $data){
    echo "Receive: $data\n";
});

$client->on("error", function($cli){
    echo "connect fail\n";
});

$client->on("close", function($cli){
    echo "close\n";
});

$client->connect('127.0.0.1', 9501, 0.5);

事件的扩展

事件扩展是非常合适的。它是Libevent库的一个端口，是为事件驱动的I/O而设计的，主要用于网络。

我已经编写了一个示例HTTP客户端，它允许调度许多任务 HTTP请求并异步运行它们。

这是一个基于Event扩展的示例HTTP客户端类。

该类允许调度大量HTTP请求，然后异步运行它们。

http-client.php

<?php
class MyHttpClient {
  /// @var EventBase
  protected $base;
  /// @var array Instances of EventHttpConnection
  protected $connections = [];

  public function __construct() {
    $this->base = new EventBase();
  }

  /**
   * Dispatches all pending requests (events)
   *
   * @return void
   */
  public function run() {
    $this->base->dispatch();
  }

  public function __destruct() {
    // Destroy connection objects explicitly, don't wait for GC.
    // Otherwise, EventBase may be free'd earlier.
    $this->connections = null;
  }

  /**
   * @brief Adds a pending HTTP request
   *
   * @param string $address Hostname, or IP
   * @param int $port Port number
   * @param array $headers Extra HTTP headers
   * @param int $cmd A EventHttpRequest::CMD_* constant
   * @param string $resource HTTP request resource, e.g. '/page?a=b&c=d'
   *
   * @return EventHttpRequest|false
   */
  public function addRequest($address, $port, array $headers,
    $cmd = EventHttpRequest::CMD_GET, $resource = '/')
  {
    $conn = new EventHttpConnection($this->base, null, $address, $port);
    $conn->setTimeout(5);

    $req = new EventHttpRequest([$this, '_requestHandler'], $this->base);

    foreach ($headers as $k => $v) {
      $req->addHeader($k, $v, EventHttpRequest::OUTPUT_HEADER);
    }
    $req->addHeader('Host', $address, EventHttpRequest::OUTPUT_HEADER);
    $req->addHeader('Connection', 'close', EventHttpRequest::OUTPUT_HEADER);
    if ($conn->makeRequest($req, $cmd, $resource)) {
      $this->connections []= $conn;
      return $req;
    }

    return false;
  }


  /**
   * @brief Handles an HTTP request
   *
   * @param EventHttpRequest $req
   * @param mixed $unused
   *
   * @return void
   */
  public function _requestHandler($req, $unused) {
    if (is_null($req)) {
      echo "Timed out\n";
    } else {
      $response_code = $req->getResponseCode();

      if ($response_code == 0) {
        echo "Connection refused\n";
      } elseif ($response_code != 200) {
        echo "Unexpected response: $response_code\n";
      } else {
        echo "Success: $response_code\n";
        $buf = $req->getInputBuffer();
        echo "Body:\n";
        while ($s = $buf->readLine(EventBuffer::EOL_ANY)) {
          echo $s, PHP_EOL;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


$address = "my-host.local";
$port = 80;
$headers = [ 'User-Agent' => 'My-User-Agent/1.0', ];

$client = new MyHttpClient();

// Add pending requests
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
  $client->addRequest($address, $port, $headers,
    EventHttpRequest::CMD_GET, '/test.php?a=' . $i);
}

// Dispatch pending requests
$client->run();

test.php

这是服务器端的示例脚本。

<?php
echo 'GET: ', var_export($_GET, true), PHP_EOL;
echo 'User-Agent: ', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? '(none)', PHP_EOL;

使用

php http-client.php

样例输出

Success: 200
Body:
GET: array (
  'a' => '1',
)
User-Agent: My-User-Agent/1.0
Success: 200
Body:
GET: array (
  'a' => '0',
)
User-Agent: My-User-Agent/1.0
Success: 200
Body:
GET: array (
  'a' => '3',
)
...

(修剪)。

注意，该代码是为CLI SAPI中的长期处理而设计的。

---

对于自定义协议，考虑使用低级API，即缓冲区事件，缓冲区。对于SSL/TLS通信，我建议将低级API与Event的SSL上下文结合使用。例子:

SSL回显服务器 SSL客户机

---

尽管Libevent的HTTP API很简单，但它不像缓冲区事件那么灵活。例如，HTTP API目前不支持自定义HTTP方法。但是使用底层API实现几乎任何协议都是可能的。

电动汽车推广

我还在非阻塞模式下编写了另一个使用Ev扩展和套接字的HTTP客户端示例。该代码比基于Event的示例稍微冗长一些，因为Ev是一个通用的事件循环。它不提供特定于网络的函数，但是它的EvIo监控器能够监听封装在套接字资源中的文件描述符。

这是一个基于Ev扩展的示例HTTP客户端。

Ev扩展实现了一个简单而强大的通用事件循环。它没有提供特定于网络的监视器，但是它的I/O监视器可以用于套接字的异步处理。

下面的代码展示了如何将HTTP请求安排为并行处理。

http-client.php

<?php
class MyHttpRequest {
  /// @var MyHttpClient
  private $http_client;
  /// @var string
  private $address;
  /// @var string HTTP resource such as /page?get=param
  private $resource;
  /// @var string HTTP method such as GET, POST etc.
  private $method;
  /// @var int
  private $service_port;
  /// @var resource Socket
  private $socket;
  /// @var double Connection timeout in seconds.
  private $timeout = 10.;
  /// @var int Chunk size in bytes for socket_recv()
  private $chunk_size = 20;
  /// @var EvTimer
  private $timeout_watcher;
  /// @var EvIo
  private $write_watcher;
  /// @var EvIo
  private $read_watcher;
  /// @var EvTimer
  private $conn_watcher;
  /// @var string buffer for incoming data
  private $buffer;
  /// @var array errors reported by sockets extension in non-blocking mode.
  private static $e_nonblocking = [
    11, // EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK
    115, // EINPROGRESS
  ];

  /**
   * @param MyHttpClient $client
   * @param string $host Hostname, e.g. google.co.uk
   * @param string $resource HTTP resource, e.g. /page?a=b&c=d
   * @param string $method HTTP method: GET, HEAD, POST, PUT etc.
   * @throws RuntimeException
   */
  public function __construct(MyHttpClient $client, $host, $resource, $method) {
    $this->http_client = $client;
    $this->host        = $host;
    $this->resource    = $resource;
    $this->method      = $method;

    // Get the port for the WWW service
    $this->service_port = getservbyname('www', 'tcp');

    // Get the IP address for the target host
    $this->address = gethostbyname($this->host);

    // Create a TCP/IP socket
    $this->socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
    if (!$this->socket) {
      throw new RuntimeException("socket_create() failed: reason: " .
        socket_strerror(socket_last_error()));
    }

    // Set O_NONBLOCK flag
    socket_set_nonblock($this->socket);

    $this->conn_watcher = $this->http_client->getLoop()
      ->timer(0, 0., [$this, 'connect']);
  }

  public function __destruct() {
    $this->close();
  }

  private function freeWatcher(&$w) {
    if ($w) {
      $w->stop();
      $w = null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Deallocates all resources of the request
   */
  private function close() {
    if ($this->socket) {
      socket_close($this->socket);
      $this->socket = null;
    }

    $this->freeWatcher($this->timeout_watcher);
    $this->freeWatcher($this->read_watcher);
    $this->freeWatcher($this->write_watcher);
    $this->freeWatcher($this->conn_watcher);
  }

  /**
   * Initializes a connection on socket
   * @return bool
   */
  public function connect() {
    $loop = $this->http_client->getLoop();

    $this->timeout_watcher = $loop->timer($this->timeout, 0., [$this, '_onTimeout']);
    $this->write_watcher = $loop->io($this->socket, Ev::WRITE, [$this, '_onWritable']);

    return socket_connect($this->socket, $this->address, $this->service_port);
  }

  /**
   * Callback for timeout (EvTimer) watcher
   */
  public function _onTimeout(EvTimer $w) {
    $w->stop();
    $this->close();
  }

  /**
   * Callback which is called when the socket becomes wriable
   */
  public function _onWritable(EvIo $w) {
    $this->timeout_watcher->stop();
    $w->stop();

    $in = implode("\r\n", [
      "{$this->method} {$this->resource} HTTP/1.1",
      "Host: {$this->host}",
      'Connection: Close',
    ]) . "\r\n\r\n";

    if (!socket_write($this->socket, $in, strlen($in))) {
      trigger_error("Failed writing $in to socket", E_USER_ERROR);
      return;
    }

    $loop = $this->http_client->getLoop();
    $this->read_watcher = $loop->io($this->socket,
      Ev::READ, [$this, '_onReadable']);

    // Continue running the loop
    $loop->run();
  }

  /**
   * Callback which is called when the socket becomes readable
   */
  public function _onReadable(EvIo $w) {
    // recv() 20 bytes in non-blocking mode
    $ret = socket_recv($this->socket, $out, 20, MSG_DONTWAIT);

    if ($ret) {
      // Still have data to read. Append the read chunk to the buffer.
      $this->buffer .= $out;
    } elseif ($ret === 0) {
      // All is read
      printf("\n<<<<\n%s\n>>>>", rtrim($this->buffer));
      fflush(STDOUT);
      $w->stop();
      $this->close();
      return;
    }

    // Caught EINPROGRESS, EAGAIN, or EWOULDBLOCK
    if (in_array(socket_last_error(), static::$e_nonblocking)) {
      return;
    }

    $w->stop();
    $this->close();
  }
}

/////////////////////////////////////
class MyHttpClient {
  /// @var array Instances of MyHttpRequest
  private $requests = [];
  /// @var EvLoop
  private $loop;

  public function __construct() {
    // Each HTTP client runs its own event loop
    $this->loop = new EvLoop();
  }

  public function __destruct() {
    $this->loop->stop();
  }

  /**
   * @return EvLoop
   */
  public function getLoop() {
    return $this->loop;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a pending request
   */
  public function addRequest(MyHttpRequest $r) {
    $this->requests []= $r;
  }

  /**
   * Dispatches all pending requests
   */
  public function run() {
    $this->loop->run();
  }
}


/////////////////////////////////////
// Usage
$client = new MyHttpClient();
foreach (range(1, 10) as $i) {
  $client->addRequest(new MyHttpRequest($client, 'my-host.local', '/test.php?a=' . $i, 'GET'));
}
$client->run();

测试

假设http://my-host.local/test.php脚本正在打印$_GET的转储:

<?php
echo 'GET: ', var_export($_GET, true), PHP_EOL;

那么php http-client.php命令的输出如下所示:

<<<<
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.1
Date: Fri, 02 Dec 2016 12:39:54 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: close
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.0.13-pl0-gentoo

1d
GET: array (
  'a' => '3',
)

0
>>>>
<<<<
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.1
Date: Fri, 02 Dec 2016 12:39:54 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: close
X-Powered-By: PHP/7.0.13-pl0-gentoo

1d
GET: array (
  'a' => '2',
)

0
>>>>
...

(修剪)

注意，在PHP 5中，套接字扩展可能会记录EINPROGRESS, EAGAIN和EWOULDBLOCK errno值的警告。关闭日志是可能的

error_reporting(E_ERROR);

关于准则的“其余部分”

我只想做一些类似file_get_contents()的事情，而不是等待请求完成后再执行其余的代码。

应该与网络请求并行运行的代码可以在Event定时器的回调中执行，或者Ev的空闲监视器中执行。通过观看上面提到的例子，你可以很容易地找到答案。否则，我将添加另一个例子:)

Symfony HttpClient是异步的https://symfony.com/doc/current/components/http_client.html。

例如，你可以

use Symfony\Component\HttpClient\HttpClient;

$client = HttpClient::create();
$response1 = $client->request('GET', 'https://website1');
$response2 = $client->request('GET', 'https://website1');
$response3 = $client->request('GET', 'https://website1');
//these 3 calls with return immediately
//but the requests will fire to the website1 webserver

$response1->getContent(); //this will block until content is fetched
$response2->getContent(); //same 
$response3->getContent(); //same