我试图建立一个我正在建立的Django网站的搜索,在这个搜索中,我用三种不同的模式进行搜索。为了在搜索结果列表上进行分页,我想使用一个通用的object_list视图来显示结果。但要做到这一点,我必须将三个查询集合并为一个。
我该怎么做?我已经试过了:
result_list = []
page_list = Page.objects.filter(
Q(title__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(body__icontains=cleaned_search_term))
article_list = Article.objects.filter(
Q(title__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(body__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(tags__icontains=cleaned_search_term))
post_list = Post.objects.filter(
Q(title__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(body__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(tags__icontains=cleaned_search_term))
for x in page_list:
result_list.append(x)
for x in article_list:
result_list.append(x)
for x in post_list:
result_list.append(x)
return object_list(
request,
queryset=result_list,
template_object_name='result',
paginate_by=10,
extra_context={
'search_term': search_term},
template_name="search/result_list.html")
但这行不通。当我尝试在通用视图中使用该列表时,会出现错误。列表缺少克隆属性。
如何合并page_list、article_list和post_list这三个列表?
您可以使用下面的QuerySetChain类。当它与Django的分页器一起使用时,它应该只对所有查询集进行COUNT(*)查询,而只对记录显示在当前页面上的查询集进行SELECT()查询。
注意,如果使用带有泛型视图的QuerySetChain,则需要指定template_name=,即使链接的查询集都使用相同的模型。
from itertools import islice, chain
class QuerySetChain(object):
"""
Chains multiple subquerysets (possibly of different models) and behaves as
one queryset. Supports minimal methods needed for use with
django.core.paginator.
"""
def __init__(self, *subquerysets):
self.querysets = subquerysets
def count(self):
"""
Performs a .count() for all subquerysets and returns the number of
records as an integer.
"""
return sum(qs.count() for qs in self.querysets)
def _clone(self):
"Returns a clone of this queryset chain"
return self.__class__(*self.querysets)
def _all(self):
"Iterates records in all subquerysets"
return chain(*self.querysets)
def __getitem__(self, ndx):
"""
Retrieves an item or slice from the chained set of results from all
subquerysets.
"""
if type(ndx) is slice:
return list(islice(self._all(), ndx.start, ndx.stop, ndx.step or 1))
else:
return islice(self._all(), ndx, ndx+1).next()
在您的示例中,用法如下:
pages = Page.objects.filter(Q(title__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(body__icontains=cleaned_search_term))
articles = Article.objects.filter(Q(title__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(body__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(tags__icontains=cleaned_search_term))
posts = Post.objects.filter(Q(title__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(body__icontains=cleaned_search_term) |
Q(tags__icontains=cleaned_search_term))
matches = QuerySetChain(pages, articles, posts)
然后像您在示例中使用result_list一样,将匹配项与分页器一起使用。
itertools模块是在Python2.3中引入的,因此它应该可以在Django运行的所有Python版本中使用。
要求:Django==2.0.2,Django querysetsequence==0.8
如果您希望组合查询集,但仍然使用QuerySet,则可能需要检查django查询集序列。
但需要注意的是,它只需要两个查询集作为参数。但使用python-reduce,您可以始终将其应用于多个查询集。
from functools import reduce
from queryset_sequence import QuerySetSequence
combined_queryset = reduce(QuerySetSequence, list_of_queryset)
下面是我遇到的一个情况,以及我如何使用列表理解、reduce和django查询集序列
from functools import reduce
from django.shortcuts import render
from queryset_sequence import QuerySetSequence
class People(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
mentor = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='my_mentees')
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
owner = models.ForeignKey(Student, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# as a mentor, I want to see all the books owned by all my mentees in one view.
def mentee_books(request):
template = "my_mentee_books.html"
mentor = People.objects.get(user=request.user)
my_mentees = mentor.my_mentees.all() # returns QuerySet of all my mentees
mentee_books = reduce(QuerySetSequence, [each.book_set.all() for each in my_mentees])
return render(request, template, {'mentee_books' : mentee_books})