使用=~操作符:

$ string="hello-world"
$ prefix="hell"
$ suffix="ld"
$ [[ "$string" =~ ^$prefix(.*)$suffix$ ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
o-wor

$ string="hello-world"
$ prefix="hell"
$ suffix="ld"

$ #remove "hell" from "hello-world" if "hell" is found at the beginning.
$ prefix_removed_string=${string/#$prefix}

$ #remove "ld" from "o-world" if "ld" is found at the end.
$ suffix_removed_String=${prefix_removed_string/%$suffix}
$ echo $suffix_removed_String
o-wor

注:

#$prefix:添加#确保子字符串“hell”只在开头被发现时才被删除。 %$后缀:添加%确保子字符串“ld”只有在end中找到时才会被删除。

如果没有这些，子字符串“hell”和“ld”将被删除，即使它是在中间找到的。

小而通用的解决方案:

expr "$string" : "$prefix\(.*\)$suffix"

我使用grep从路径中删除前缀(sed处理不好):

echo "$input" | grep -oP "^$prefix\K.*"

\K从匹配中删除它之前的所有字符。

$ prefix="hell"
$ suffix="ld"
$ string="hello-world"
$ foo=${string#"$prefix"}
$ foo=${foo%"$suffix"}
$ echo "${foo}"
o-wor

这在手册的Shell参数扩展部分中有记录:

${parameter#word} ${parameter##word} The word is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the rules described below (see Pattern Matching). If the pattern matches the beginning of the expanded value of parameter, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the # case) or the longest matching pattern (the ## case) deleted. […] ${parameter%word} ${parameter%%word} The word is expanded to produce a pattern and matched according to the rules described below (see Pattern Matching). If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of parameter, then the result of the expansion is the value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the % case) or the longest matching pattern (the %% case) deleted. […]

对阿德里安早餐满意:

function strip {
    local STRING=${1#$"$2"}
    echo ${STRING%$"$2"}
}

像这样使用它

HELLO=":hello:"
HELLO=$(strip "$HELLO" ":")
echo $HELLO # hello