我有一个这样的数据结构:

var someObject = {
    'part1' : {
        'name': 'Part 1',
        'size': '20',
        'qty' : '50'
    },
    'part2' : {
        'name': 'Part 2',
        'size': '15',
        'qty' : '60'
    },
    'part3' : [
        {
            'name': 'Part 3A',
            'size': '10',
            'qty' : '20'
        }, {
            'name': 'Part 3B',
            'size': '5',
            'qty' : '20'
        }, {
            'name': 'Part 3C',
            'size': '7.5',
            'qty' : '20'
        }
    ]
};

我想使用这些变量访问数据:

var part1name = "part1.name";
var part2quantity = "part2.qty";
var part3name1 = "part3[0].name";

part1name应该用someObject.part1.name的值填充,即“Part 1”。part2quantity也是一样,它的容量是60。

有没有办法实现这与纯javascript或JQuery?


当前回答

如果你需要访问不同的嵌套键,而不知道它在编码时(这将是微不足道的),你可以使用数组符号访问器:

var part1name = someObject['part1']['name'];
var part2quantity = someObject['part2']['qty'];
var part3name1 =  someObject['part3'][0]['name'];

它们等价于点符号访问器,并且可能在运行时发生变化,例如:

var part = 'part1';
var property = 'name';

var part1name = someObject[part][property];

等于

var part1name = someObject['part1']['name'];

or

var part1name = someObject.part1.name;

我希望这能解决你的问题…

EDIT

我不会使用字符串来维护某种xpath查询来访问对象值。 因为你必须调用一个函数来解析查询和检索值,我会遵循另一条路径(不是:

var part1name = function(){ return this.part1.name; }
var part2quantity = function() { return this['part2']['qty']; }
var part3name1 =  function() { return this.part3[0]['name'];}

// usage: part1name.apply(someObject);

或者,如果你不习惯apply方法

var part1name = function(obj){ return obj.part1.name; }
var part2quantity = function(obj) { return obj['part2']['qty']; }
var part3name1 =  function(obj) { return obj.part3[0]['name'];}

// usage: part1name(someObject);

函数更短,更清晰,解释器会为你检查语法错误等等。

顺便说一下,我觉得在适当的时候做一个简单的任务就足够了……

其他回答

我认为你的要求是:

var part1name = someObject.part1.name;
var part2quantity = someObject.part2.qty;
var part3name1 =  someObject.part3[0].name;

你可以这样问:

var part1name = someObject["part1"]["name"];
var part2quantity = someObject["part2"]["qty"];
var part3name1 =  someObject["part3"][0]["name"];

这两种方法都可行


也许这是你自找的

var partName = "part1";
var nameStr = "name";

var part1name = someObject[partName][nameStr];

终于轮到你自找麻烦了

var partName = "part1.name";

var partBits = partName.split(".");

var part1name = someObject[partBits[0]][partBits[1]];

这个解决方案怎么样:

setJsonValue: function (json, field, val) {
  if (field !== undefined){
    try {
      eval("json." + field + " = val");
    }
    catch(e){
      ;
    }
  }  
}

这个,用来得到:

getJsonValue: function (json, field){
  var value = undefined;
  if (field !== undefined) {
    try {
      eval("value = json." + field);
    } 
    catch(e){
      ;
    }
  }
  return value;
};

可能有些人会认为它们不安全,但它们解析字符串的速度肯定要快得多。

你可以使用ramda库。

学习ramda还可以帮助您轻松地使用不可变对象。


var obj = {
  a:{
    b: {
      c:[100,101,{
        d: 1000
      }]
    }
  }
};


var lens = R.lensPath('a.b.c.2.d'.split('.'));
var result = R.view(lens, obj);


https://codepen.io/ghominejad/pen/BayJZOQ

在这里我提供了更多的方法,这些方法在很多方面看起来都更快:

选项1:Split string on。Or [Or] Or ' Or ",颠倒过来,跳过空项。

function getValue(path, origin) {
    if (origin === void 0 || origin === null) origin = self ? self : this;
    if (typeof path !== 'string') path = '' + path;
    var parts = path.split(/\[|\]|\.|'|"/g).reverse(), name; // (why reverse? because it's usually faster to pop off the end of an array)
    while (parts.length) { name=parts.pop(); if (name) origin=origin[name]; }
    return origin;
}

选项2(最快的,除了eval):低级字符扫描(没有regex/split/等等,只是一个快速字符扫描)。 注意:该命令不支持索引引用。

function getValue(path, origin) {
    if (origin === void 0 || origin === null) origin = self ? self : this;
    if (typeof path !== 'string') path = '' + path;
    var c = '', pc, i = 0, n = path.length, name = '';
    if (n) while (i<=n) ((c = path[i++]) == '.' || c == '[' || c == ']' || c == void 0) ? (name?(origin = origin[name], name = ''):(pc=='.'||pc=='['||pc==']'&&c==']'?i=n+2:void 0),pc=c) : name += c;
    if (i==n+2) throw "Invalid path: "+path;
    return origin;
} // (around 1,000,000+/- ops/sec)

选项3:(新:选项2扩展到支持引号-有点慢,但仍然很快)

function getValue(path, origin) {
    if (origin === void 0 || origin === null) origin = self ? self : this;
    if (typeof path !== 'string') path = '' + path;
    var c, pc, i = 0, n = path.length, name = '', q;
    while (i<=n)
        ((c = path[i++]) == '.' || c == '[' || c == ']' || c == "'" || c == '"' || c == void 0) ? (c==q&&path[i]==']'?q='':q?name+=c:name?(origin?origin=origin[name]:i=n+2,name='') : (pc=='['&&(c=='"'||c=="'")?q=c:pc=='.'||pc=='['||pc==']'&&c==']'||pc=='"'||pc=="'"?i=n+2:void 0), pc=c) : name += c;
    if (i==n+2 || name) throw "Invalid path: "+path;
    return origin;
}

JSPerf: http://jsperf.com/ways-to-dereference-a-delimited-property-string/3

"eval(...)" is still king though (performance wise that is). If you have property paths directly under your control, there shouldn't be any issues with using 'eval' (especially if speed is desired). If pulling property paths "over the wire" (on the line!? lol :P), then yes, use something else to be safe. Only an idiot would say to never use "eval" at all, as there ARE good reasons when to use it. Also, "It is used in Doug Crockford's JSON parser." If the input is safe, then no problems at all. Use the right tool for the right job, that's it.

这里的解决方案仅用于访问深度嵌套的键。我需要一个来访问、添加、修改和删除密钥。这是我想到的:

var deepAccessObject = function(object, path_to_key, type_of_function, value){
    switch(type_of_function){
        //Add key/modify key
        case 0: 
            if(path_to_key.length === 1){
                if(value)
                    object[path_to_key[0]] = value;
                return object[path_to_key[0]];
            }else{
                if(object[path_to_key[0]])
                    return deepAccessObject(object[path_to_key[0]], path_to_key.slice(1), type_of_function, value);
                else
                    object[path_to_key[0]] = {};
            }
            break;
        //delete key
        case 1:
            if(path_to_key.length === 1){
                delete object[path_to_key[0]];
                return true;
            }else{
                if(object[path_to_key[0]])
                    return deepAccessObject(object[path_to_key[0]], path_to_key.slice(1), type_of_function, value);
                else
                    return false;
            }
            break;
        default:
            console.log("Wrong type of function");
    }
};

Path_to_key:数组中的路径。你可以用你的string_path.split(".")替换它。 Type_of_function: 0用于访问(不传递任何值给值),0用于添加和修改。1表示删除。