我对iOS和Objective-C以及整个MVC范式都是新手，我一直坚持以下几点：
我有一个充当数据输入表单的视图，我想让用户选择多个产品。产品列在另一个具有UITableViewController的视图中，我已启用多个选项。
如何将数据从一个视图传输到另一个视图？我会将UITableView上的选择保存在一个数组中，但如何将其传递回上一个数据输入表单视图，以便在提交表单时将其与其他数据一起保存到核心数据？
我在网上冲浪，看到一些人在应用程序委托中声明了一个数组。我读了一些关于单态的东西，但我不明白这些是什么，我读了关于创建数据模型的东西。
正确的执行方式是什么？我将如何执行？
当前回答
将数据从ViewController 2（目标）传递回ViewController 1（源）是更有趣的事情。假设你使用故事板，我发现了以下所有方法：
代表通知用户默认值辛格尔顿
这些已经在这里讨论过了。
我发现有更多的方法：
使用块回调：
在VC1的prepareForSegue方法中使用它
NextViewController *destinationVC = (NextViewController *) segue.destinationViewController;
[destinationVC setDidFinishUsingBlockCallback:^(NextViewController *destinationVC)
{
self.blockLabel.text = destination.blockTextField.text;
}];
使用故事板展开（退出）
在VC1中实现一个带有UIStoryboardSegue参数的方法，如下所示：
-(IBAction)UnWindDone:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue { }
在故事板中，将“返回”按钮挂在vc的绿色退出按钮（展开）上。现在您有了一个“返回”的segue，因此您可以使用VC2的prepareForSegue中的destinationViewController属性在返回之前更改VC1的任何属性。
使用故事板的另一种选择Unwind（退出）-您可以使用在VC1中编写的方法-（IBAction）UnWindDone:（UIStoryboardSegue*）segue{NextViewController*NextViewController=segue.sourceViewController；self.unindLabel.text=nextViewController.undPropertyPass；}
在VC1的prepareForSegue中，您可以更改您想要共享的任何属性。
在两个展开选项中，您都可以设置按钮的标记属性，并在prepareForSegue中进行检查。
其他回答
我找到了最简单、最优雅的版本，带有传递块。让我们将等待返回数据的视图控制器命名为“A”，将返回的视图控制器称为“B”。在本例中，我们希望获得两个值：第一个是Type1，第二个是Type2。
假设我们使用Storyboard，第一个控制器设置回调块，例如在segue准备期间：
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
if ([segue.destinationViewController isKindOfClass:[BViewController class]])
{
BViewController *viewController = segue.destinationViewController;
viewController.callback = ^(Type1 *value1, Type2 *value2) {
// optionally, close B
//[self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
// let's do some action after with returned values
action1(value1);
action2(value2);
};
}
}
和“B”视图控制器应声明回调属性BViewController.h：
// it is important to use "copy"
@property (copy) void(^callback)(Type1 *value1, Type2 *value2);
在实现文件BViewController.m中，当我们有了所需的值以返回回调时，应该调用：
if (self.callback)
self.callback(value1, value2);
需要记住的一点是，使用块通常需要管理强引用和弱引用，如这里所述
我建议使用块/闭包和自定义构造函数。
假设您必须将字符串从FirstViewController传递到SecondViewController。
您的第一个视图控制器。
class FirstViewController : UIViewController {
func moveToViewControllerB() {
let second_screen = SecondViewController.screen(string: "DATA TO PASS", call_back: {
[weak self] (updated_data) in
///This closure will be called by second view controller when it updates something
})
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(second_screen, animated: true)
}
}
第二个视图控制器
class SecondViewController : UIViewController {
var incoming_string : String?
var call_back : ((String) -> Void)?
class func screen(string: String?, call_back : ((String) -> Void)?) -> SecondViewController {
let me = SecondViewController(nibName: String(describing: self), bundle: Bundle.main);
me.incoming_string = string
me.call_back = call_back
return me
}
// Suppose its called when you have to update FirstViewController with new data.
func updatedSomething() {
//Executing block that is implemented/assigned by the FirstViewController.
self.call_back?("UPDATED DATA")
}
}
雨燕5Matt Price的回答非常适合传递数据，但我我将在最新的Swift版本中重写它，因为我相信由于新的语法和方法/框架，正如最初的帖子在Objective-C中那样。
在视图控制器之间传递数据有多种选项。
使用导航控制器推送使用Segue使用代理使用通知查看器使用块
我将用最新的iOS框架在Swift中重写他的逻辑
通过导航控制器传递数据推送：从ViewControllerA到ViewControllerB
步骤1。在ViewControllerB中声明变量
var isSomethingEnabled = false
步骤2。在ViewControllerB的ViewDidLoad方法中打印变量
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Print value received through segue, navigation push
print("Value of 'isSomethingEnabled' from ViewControllerA: ", isSomethingEnabled)
}
步骤3。在ViewControllerA中通过导航控制器时传递数据
if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
viewControllerB.isSomethingEnabled = true
if let navigator = navigationController {
navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
}
}
以下是完整的代码：
视图控制器A
import UIKit
class ViewControllerA: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
}
// MARK: Passing data through navigation PushViewController
@IBAction func goToViewControllerB(_ sender: Any) {
if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
viewControllerB.isSomethingEnabled = true
if let navigator = navigationController {
navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
}
}
}
}
视图控制器B
import UIKit
class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {
// MARK: - Variable for Passing Data through Navigation push
var isSomethingEnabled = false
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Print value received through navigation push
print("Value of 'isSomethingEnabled' from ViewControllerA: ", isSomethingEnabled)
}
}
通过Segue传递数据：从ViewControllerA到ViewControllerB
步骤1。创建从ViewControllerA到ViewControllerB的Segue，并在Storyboard中提供Identifier=showDetailSegue，如下所示
步骤2。在ViewControllerB中声明一个名为isSomethingEnabled的可行值并打印其值。
步骤3。在ViewControllerA中，传递Segue时传递SomethingEnabled的值
以下是完整的代码：
视图控制器A
import UIKit
class ViewControllerA: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
}
// MARK: - - Passing Data through Segue - -
@IBAction func goToViewControllerBUsingSegue(_ sender: Any) {
performSegue(withIdentifier: "showDetailSegue", sender: nil)
}
// Segue Delegate Method
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
if (segue.identifier == "showDetailSegue") {
let controller = segue.destination as? ViewControllerB
controller?.isSomethingEnabled = true//passing data
}
}
}
视图控制器B
import UIKit
class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {
var isSomethingEnabled = false
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Print value received through segue
print("Value of 'isSomethingEnabled' from ViewControllerA: ", isSomethingEnabled)
}
}
通过委托传递数据：从ViewControllerB到ViewControllerA
步骤1。在ViewControllerB文件中声明协议ViewControllerBDlegate，但在类之外
protocol ViewControllerBDelegate: NSObjectProtocol {
// Classes that adopt this protocol MUST define
// this method -- and hopefully do something in
// that definition.
func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?)
}
步骤2。在ViewControllerB中声明委托变量实例
var delegate: ViewControllerBDelegate?
步骤3。在ViewControllerB的viewDidLoad方法中发送委托的数据
delegate?.addItemViewController(self, didFinishEnteringItem: "Data for ViewControllerA")
步骤4。确认ViewControllerB在ViewControllerA中保留
class ViewControllerA: UIViewController, ViewControllerBDelegate {
// to do
}
步骤5。确认将在ViewControllerA中实现委托
if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
viewControllerB.delegate = self//confirming delegate
if let navigator = navigationController {
navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
}
}
步骤6。实现用于在ViewControllerA中接收数据的委托方法
func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?) {
print("Value from ViewControllerB's Delegate", item!)
}
以下是完整的代码：
视图控制器A
import UIKit
class ViewControllerA: UIViewController, ViewControllerBDelegate {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
}
// Delegate method
func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?) {
print("Value from ViewControllerB's Delegate", item!)
}
@IBAction func goToViewControllerForDelegate(_ sender: Any) {
if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
viewControllerB.delegate = self
if let navigator = navigationController {
navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
}
}
}
}
视图控制器B
import UIKit
//Protocol decleare
protocol ViewControllerBDelegate: NSObjectProtocol {
// Classes that adopt this protocol MUST define
// this method -- and hopefully do something in
// that definition.
func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?)
}
class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {
var delegate: ViewControllerBDelegate?
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// MARK: - - - - Set Data for Passing Data through Delegate - - - - - -
delegate?.addItemViewController(self, didFinishEnteringItem: "Data for ViewControllerA")
}
}
通过通知查看器传递数据：从ViewControllerB到ViewControllerA
步骤1。在ViewControllerB中的通知查看器中设置和发布数据
let objToBeSent = "Test Message from Notification"
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: objToBeSent)
步骤2。在ViewControllerA中添加通知查看器
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.methodOfReceivedNotification(notification:)), name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: nil)
步骤3。在ViewControllerA中接收通知数据值
@objc func methodOfReceivedNotification(notification: Notification) {
print("Value of notification: ", notification.object ?? "")
}
以下是完整的代码：
视图控制器A
import UIKit
class ViewControllerA: UIViewController{
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Add observer in controller(s) where you want to receive data
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.methodOfReceivedNotification(notification:)), name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: nil)
}
// MARK: Method for receiving Data through Post Notification
@objc func methodOfReceivedNotification(notification: Notification) {
print("Value of notification: ", notification.object ?? "")
}
}
视图控制器B
import UIKit
class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// MARK:Set data for Passing Data through Post Notification
let objToBeSent = "Test Message from Notification"
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: objToBeSent)
}
}
通过块传递数据：从ViewControllerB到ViewControllerA
步骤1。在ViewControllerB中声明块
var authorizationCompletionBlock:((Bool)->())? = {_ in}
步骤2。在ViewControllerB中设置块中的数据
if authorizationCompletionBlock != nil
{
authorizationCompletionBlock!(true)
}
步骤3。在ViewControllerA中接收块数据
// Receiver Block
controller!.authorizationCompletionBlock = { isGranted in
print("Data received from Block is: ", isGranted)
}
以下是完整的代码：
视图控制器A
import UIKit
class ViewControllerA: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
}
// MARK:Method for receiving Data through Block
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
if (segue.identifier == "showDetailSegue") {
let controller = segue.destination as? ViewControllerB
controller?.isSomethingEnabled = true
// Receiver Block
controller!.authorizationCompletionBlock = { isGranted in
print("Data received from Block is: ", isGranted)
}
}
}
}
视图控制器B
import UIKit
class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {
// MARK: Variable for Passing Data through Block
var authorizationCompletionBlock:((Bool)->())? = {_ in}
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// MARK: Set data for Passing Data through Block
if authorizationCompletionBlock != nil
{
authorizationCompletionBlock!(true)
}
}
}
你可以在我的GitHub上找到完整的示例应用程序。如果你对此有任何疑问，请告诉我。
在Swift中传递数据有很多解决方案。
向前传递数据
我最喜欢的两种转发数据的方式是依赖注入（DI）和属性观察者
依赖注入
class CustomView : UIView {
init(_ with model : Model) {
// Do what you want with data
}
}
财产观察员
class CustomView : UIView {
var model : Model? {
didSet {
// Do what you want with data after assign data to model
}
willSet {
// Do what you want with data before assign data to model
}
}
}
向后传递数据
还喜欢将数据传递到上一个VC/视图的方法：
协议和代表
protocol CustomViewDelegate : class {
func addItemViewController(_ with data: Model?)
}
weak var delegate : CustomViewDelegate?
class AnotherCustomView: UIView {
let customView = AnotherCustomView()
init() {
customView.delegate = self
}
}
extention AnotherCustomView : CustomViewDelegate {
func addItemViewController(_ with data: Model?) {
// Do what you want with data
}
}
关闭
class AnotherCustomView : UIView {
init(addItem: @escaping (_ value : Model?) -> ()) {
// Do what you want with data
}
}
class CustomView : UIView {
init() {
let customView = AnotherCustomView { [weak self] model in
// Do what you want with data
}
}
}
使用通知中心
对于Swift 3
let imageDataDict:[String: UIImage] = ["image": image]
// Post a notification
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil, userInfo: imageDataDict)
// `default` is now a property, not a method call
// Register to receive notification in your class
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.showSpinningWheel(_:)), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil)
// Handle notification
func showSpinningWheel(_ notification: NSNotification) {
print(notification.userInfo ?? "")
if let dict = notification.userInfo as NSDictionary? {
if let id = dict["image"] as? UIImage {
// Do something with your image
}
}
}
对于Swift 4
let imageDataDict:[String: UIImage] = ["image": image]
// Post a notification
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil, userInfo: imageDataDict)
// `default` is now a property, not a method call
// Register to receive notification in your class
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.showSpinningWheel(_:)), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil)
// Handle notification
@objc func showSpinningWheel(_ notification: NSNotification) {
print(notification.userInfo ?? "")
if let dict = notification.userInfo as NSDictionary? {
if let id = dict["image"] as? UIImage {
// Do something with your image
}
}
}
