只是为了好玩，下面是在CPython 1.0-3.7b2, Pypy, Jython和Micropython上的一种方法。在现代代码中，这更像是一种新奇的做法。我将其作为http://stromberg.dnsalias.org/~strombrg/pythons/的一部分编写，这是一个脚本，用于在多个版本的python上同时测试一段代码，因此您可以轻松地了解哪些python特性与哪些版本的python兼容:

via_platform = 0
check_sys = 0
via_sys_version_info = 0
via_sys_version = 0
test_sys = 0
try:
    import platform
except (ImportError, NameError):
    # We have no platform module - try to get the info via the sys module
    check_sys = 1

if not check_sys:
    if hasattr(platform, "python_version"):
        via_platform = 1
    else:
        check_sys = 1

if check_sys:
    try:
        import sys
        test_sys = 1
    except (ImportError, NameError):
        # just let via_sys_version_info and via_sys_version remain False - we have no sys module
        pass

if test_sys:
    if hasattr(sys, "version_info"):
        via_sys_version_info = 1
    elif hasattr(sys, "version"):
        via_sys_version = 1
    else:
        # just let via_sys remain False
        pass

if via_platform:
    # This gives pretty good info, but is not available in older interpreters.  Also, micropython has a
    # platform module that does not really contain anything.
    print(platform.python_version())
elif via_sys_version_info:
    # This is compatible with some older interpreters, but does not give quite as much info.
    print("%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3])
elif via_sys_version:
    import string
    # This is compatible with some older interpreters, but does not give quite as much info.
    verbose_version = sys.version
    version_list = string.split(verbose_version)
    print(version_list[0])
else:
    print("unknown")

from sys import version_info, api_version, version, hexversion

print(f"sys.version: {version}")
print(f"sys.api_version: {api_version}")
print(f"sys.version_info: {version_info}")
print(f"sys.hexversion: {hexversion}")

输出

sys。版本:3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, march 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC .1900 64位(AMD64)] sys。api_version: 1013 sys。version_info: sys。Version_info (major=3, minor=6, micro=5, releaslevel ='final'， serial=0) sys。hexversion: 50726384

你最好的选择可能是这样的:

>>> import sys
>>> sys.version_info
(2, 6, 4, 'final', 0)
>>> if not sys.version_info[:2] == (2, 6):
...    print "Error, I need python 2.6"
... else:
...    from my_module import twoPointSixCode
>>> 

此外，您总是可以在一个简单的try中包装导入，这应该会捕获语法错误。而且，按照@Heikki的观点，这段代码将与更老版本的python兼容:

>>> try:
...     from my_module import twoPointSixCode
... except Exception: 
...     print "can't import, probably because your python is too old!"
>>>

有六个模块，你可以做到:

import six

if six.PY2:
  # this is python2.x
else:
  # six.PY3
  # this is python3.x

从命令行(注意大写的“V”):

python -V

这在“man python”中有记录。

从IPython控制台

!python -V

在Windows操作系统下，通过在命令提示符中输入以下命令，验证命令的Python版本

c:\>python -V
Python 2.7.16

c:\>py -2 -V
Python 2.7.16

c:\>py -3 -V
Python 3.7.3

此外，要查看每个Python版本的文件夹配置，请运行以下命令:

For Python 2,'py -2 -m site'
For Python 3,'py -3 -m site'