三 DOTS 作为 Splat Operator (...) (自 PHP 5.6 以来)

PHP 有一个操作员“......(三点)被称为Splat操作员,它被用来通过一个函数中的参数的任意数量,这种函数被称为变量函数。

例子1:

<?php
function calculateNumbers(...$params){
    $total = 0;
    foreach($params as $v){
        $total = $total + $v;
    }
    return $total;
}
 
echo calculateNumbers(10, 20, 30, 40, 50);
 
//Output 150
?>

计算的每个论点 数字() 函数通过 $params 作为一个序列,当使用 "... ".

有很多不同的方式使用“......”运营商,以下是几个例子:

例子2:

<?php
function calculateNumbers($no1, $no2, $no3, $no4, $no5){
    $total = $no1 + $no2 + $no3 + $no4 + $no5;
    return $total;
}
 
$numbers = array(10, 20, 30, 40, 50);
echo calculateNumbers(...$numbers);
 
//Output 150
?>

例子3:

<?php
function calculateNumbers(...$params){
    $total = 0;
    foreach($params as $v){
        $total = $total + $v;
    }
    return $total;
}
$no1 = 70;
$numbers = array(10, 20, 30, 40, 50);
echo calculateNumbers($no1, ...$numbers);
 
//Output 220
?>

例子4:

<?php
function calculateNumbers(...$params){
    $total = 0;
    foreach($params as $v){
        $total = $total + $v;
    }
    return $total;
}
 
$numbers1 = array(10, 20, 30, 40, 50);
$numbers2 = array(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
echo calculateNumbers(...$numbers1, ...$numbers2);
 
//Output 1650
 
?>

值得注意的是,变量参数不能用所谓的论点瞄准。

例子5:

<?php
function sumIntegers(int ...$params): int {
    $sum = 0;
    foreach($params as $value){
        $sum += $value;
    }
    return $sum;
}


echo sumIntegers(params: [1, 2, 3, 4]);     
// $params will be equal to ['params' => [1, 2, 3, 4]] in sumIntegers
// throws TypeError sumIntegers(): Argument #1 must be of type int, array given 

echo sumIntegers(arbitrary_name: 1, another_name: 2);
// $params will be equal to ['arbitrary_name' => 1, 'another_name' => 2] in sumIntegers
// Outputs: 3 
?>

使用未包装的连接序列作为函数呼叫的参数具有相同的效果,如使用每个关键值对作为一个名为论点的函数呼叫。

例子6:

<?php
function fullName(string $first_name, ?string $middle_name = null, ?string $last_name = null): string {
    return trim("$first_name|$middle_name|$last_name");
}

$params = ['first_name' => 'John', 'last_name' => 'Doe'];
echo fullName(...$params);
// same as fullName(first_name: 'John', last_name: 'Doe')

// outputs 'John||Doe'
?>

它可以用来将命名的论点转移到某种东西,如一个无缝函数呼叫或一个班级。

例子7:

<?php
function throw_exception(string $exception, ...$parameters) {
    throw new $exception(...$parameters);
}

throw_exception(exception: 'Exception', code: 123);
// executes throw new Exception(...['code' => 123])
// which is the same as throw new Exception(code: 123);
?>

增加 / 减少运营商

+ 增强运营商

排斥运营商

Example    Name              Effect
---------------------------------------------------------------------
++$a       Pre-increment     Increments $a by one, then returns $a.
$a++       Post-increment    Returns $a, then increments $a by one.
--$a       Pre-decrement     Decrements $a by one, then returns $a.
$a--       Post-decrement    Returns $a, then decrements $a by one.

它可以在变量之前或之后进行。

例如:

$apples = 10;
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) {
    echo 'I have ' . $apples-- . " apples. I just ate one.\n";
}

活例子

在上述情况下 ++$i 使用,因为它更快。

预增略略快一点,因为它真的增加了变量,然后“返回”结果,后增略创造了一个特殊变量,复制了第一个变量的值,只有在第一个变量被使用后,它将其值取代为第二个。

但是,你必须使用 $ 苹果 - 因为首先,你想显示目前的苹果数量,然后你想从它中提取一个。

$i = "a";
while ($i < "c") {
    echo $i++;
}

一旦 z 到达 aa 是下一个,等等。

请注意,字符变量可以增加,但不能减少,即使如此,只有平坦的 ASCII 字符(a-z 和 A-Z)得到支持。

Stack Overflow 文章:

理解增加

饰 Curly Braces

区块 - curly braces/no curly braces? Curly braces in string in PHP curly braces in array notation

关于最后一篇文章的一些话

$x[4] = 'd'; // it works
$x{4} = 'd'; // it works

$echo $x[4]; // it works
$echo $x{4}; // it works

$x[] = 'e'; // it works
$x{} = 'e'; // does not work

$x = [1, 2]; // it works
$x = {1, 2}; // does not work

echo "${x[4]}"; // it works
echo "${x{4}}"; // does not work

echo "{$x[4]}"; // it works
echo "{$x{4}}"; // it works

航天运营商 <=> (添加到 PHP 7)

<=> 航天运营商的例子(PHP 7、来源:PHP手册):

Integers, Floats, Strings, Arrays & Objects for 三路比较变量。

// Integers
echo 10 <=> 10; // 0
echo 10 <=> 20; // -1
echo 20 <=> 10; // 1

// Floats
echo 1.5 <=> 1.5; // 0
echo 1.5 <=> 2.5; // -1
echo 2.5 <=> 1.5; // 1

// Strings
echo "a" <=> "a"; // 0
echo "a" <=> "b"; // -1
echo "b" <=> "a"; // 1
// Comparison is case-sensitive
echo "B" <=> "a"; // -1

echo "a" <=> "aa"; // -1
echo "zz" <=> "aa"; // 1

// Arrays
echo [] <=> []; // 0
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> [1, 2, 3]; // 0
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> []; // 1
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> [1, 2, 1]; // 1
echo [1, 2, 3] <=> [1, 2, 4]; // -1

// Objects
$a = (object) ["a" => "b"]; 
$b = (object) ["a" => "b"]; 
echo $a <=> $b; // 0

$a = (object) ["a" => "b"]; 
$b = (object) ["a" => "c"]; 
echo $a <=> $b; // -1

$a = (object) ["a" => "c"]; 
$b = (object) ["a" => "b"]; 
echo $a <=> $b; // 1

// only values are compared
$a = (object) ["a" => "b"]; 
$b = (object) ["b" => "b"]; 
echo $a <=> $b; // 1

NullSafe 运营商

在 PHP 8.0 中添加

它是 NullSafe 运营商,如果您尝试引用函数或从零中获取值,则返回零。

$objDrive = null;
$drive = $objDrive?->func?->getDriver()?->value; //return null
$drive = $objDrive->func->getDriver()->value; // Error: Trying to get property 'func' of non-object

Nullsafe 运营商不使用序列密钥:

$drive['admin']?->getDriver()?->value //Warning: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

$drive = [];
$drive['admin']?->getAddress()?->value //Warning: Undefined array key "admin"