要从命令行本身创建可执行JAR，只需从项目路径运行以下命令：

mvn assembly:assembly

使用maven shade插件将所有依赖项打包到一个über JAR文件中。它还可以通过指定主类来构建可执行JAR文件。在尝试使用maven汇编和maven jar之后，我发现这个插件最适合我的需求。

我发现这个插件特别有用，因为它合并了特定文件的内容，而不是覆盖它们。当JAR文件中存在同名的资源文件并且插件试图打包所有资源文件时，这是需要的。

请参见以下示例：

<plugins>
    <!-- This plugin provides the capability to package
         the artifact in an über-JAR file, including
         its dependencies and to shade - i.e. rename -
         the packages of some of the dependencies. -->
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <phase>package</phase>
                <goals>
                    <goal>shade</goal>
                </goals>
                <configuration>
                    <artifactSet>
                        <!-- Signed JAR files-->
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </artifactSet>

                    <transformers>
                        <transformer
                            implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                            <!-- Main class -->
                            <mainClass>com.main.MyMainClass</mainClass>
                        </transformer>

                        <!-- Use resource transformers to prevent file overwrites -->
                        <transformer
                            implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                            <resource>properties.properties</resource>
                        </transformer>
                        <transformer
                            implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.XmlAppendingTransformer">
                            <resource>applicationContext.xml</resource>
                        </transformer>
                        <transformer
                            implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                            <resource>META-INF/cxf/cxf.extension</resource>
                        </transformer>
                        <transformer
                            implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.XmlAppendingTransformer">
                            <resource>META-INF/cxf/bus-extensions.xml</resource>
                        </transformer>
                    </transformers>
                </configuration>
            </execution>
        </executions>
    </plugin>
</plugins>

我想将我的Spring应用程序（使用Apereo Foundation的CAS客户端）迁移到Spring Boot 1.5。我遇到了很多问题，比如：

target/cas-client-web.jar中没有主清单属性

我试图创建一个具有所有依赖项的唯一JAR文件。在互联网上搜索后，我能够用以下几句话做到这一点：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <fork>true</fork>
        <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>repackage</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

开始上课是我的主要课程：

<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <start-class>com.test.Application</start-class>
</properties>

我的申请是：

package com.test;

import java.util.Arrays;

import com.test.TestProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({TestProperties.class})
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public CommandLineRunner commandLineRunner(ApplicationContext ctx) {
        return args -> {

            System.out.println("Let's inspect the beans provided by Spring Boot:");

            String[] beanNames = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames();
            Arrays.sort(beanNames);
            for (String beanName : beanNames) {
                System.out.println(beanName);
            }
        };
    }

}

我比较了本文中提到的树插件。我生成了两个JAR文件和一个包含所有JAR文件的目录。我比较了结果，肯定maven shade插件是最好的。

我的挑战是我有多个需要合并的Spring资源，以及jax-rs和JDBC服务。与maven汇编插件相比，它们都被shade插件正确合并。在这种情况下，除非您将它们复制到自己的资源文件夹中并手动合并一次，否则Spring将失败。

两个插件都输出正确的依赖树。我有多个作用域，如测试、提供、编译等。两个插件都跳过了测试和提供。他们都生成了相同的清单，但我能够使用他们的转换器使用shade插件合并许可证。使用maven依赖插件当然不会有这些问题，因为JAR文件没有被提取。但正如其他人所指出的，您需要携带一个额外的文件才能正常工作。

以下是pom.xml文件的片段：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>copy-dependencies</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                <includeScope>compile</includeScope>
                <excludeTransitive>true</excludeTransitive>
                <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
                <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
                <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.6</version>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <mainClass>com.rbccm.itf.cdd.poller.landingzone.LandingZonePoller</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>make-my-jar-with-dependencies</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.3</version>
    <configuration>
        <shadedArtifactAttached>false</shadedArtifactAttached>
        <keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>false</keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>
        <transformers>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                <resource>META-INF/services/javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers</resource>
            </transformer>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                <resource>META-INF/spring.factories</resource>
            </transformer>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
            </transformer>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
            </transformer>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                <resource>META-INF/spring.tooling</resource>
            </transformer>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer"/>
            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ApacheLicenseResourceTransformer">
            </transformer>
        </transformers>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

Use:

mvn clean install -U dependency:copy-dependencies

jar文件将在名为“target”的文件夹中生成，该文件夹与“src”文件夹位于同一根目录中。

添加到文件pom.xml：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.jolira</groupId>
    <artifactId>onejar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.4</version>
</dependency>

And

<plugin>
    <groupId>com.jolira</groupId>
    <artifactId>onejar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.4</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>one-jar</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

接下来，mvn包还将另外创建一个胖JAR，包括所有依赖JAR文件。