volatile在C语言中实际上是为了不自动缓存变量的值而存在的。它会告诉编译器不要缓存这个变量的值。因此，每次遇到给定的volatile变量时，它都会生成代码从主存中获取它的值。之所以使用这种机制，是因为该值在任何时候都可以被操作系统或任何中断修改。所以使用volatile可以帮助我们每次都重新访问值。

Volatile告诉编译器你的变量可以通过其他方式被改变，而不是通过访问它的代码。例如，它可能是一个I/ o映射的内存位置。如果在这种情况下没有指定这一点，一些变量访问可以被优化，例如，它的内容可以保存在寄存器中，并且内存位置不会再次读入。

维基上有关于volatile的所有信息:

Volatile(计算机编程)

Linux内核的文档也对volatile做了一个很好的标记:

为什么不应该使用“volatile”类型类

Volatile意味着存储可能在任何时候被改变，而且是在用户程序控制之外被改变。这意味着如果你引用变量，程序应该总是检查物理地址(即映射的输入fifo)，而不是以缓存的方式使用它。

在Dennis Ritchie设计的语言中，除了地址未被获取的自动对象外，对任何对象的每次访问都表现为计算对象的地址，然后在该地址上读写存储。这使得该语言非常强大，但严重限制了优化机会。

While it might have been possible to add a qualifier that would invite a compiler to assume that a particular object wouldn't be changed in weird ways, such an assumption would be appropriate for the vast majority of objects in C programs, and it would have been impractical to add a qualifier to all the objects for which such assumption would be appropriate. On the other hand, some programs need to use some objects for which such an assumption would not hold. To resolve this issue, the Standard says that compilers may assume that objects which are not declared volatile will not have their value observed or changed in ways that are outside the compiler's control, or would be outside a reasonable compiler's understanding.

Because various platforms may have different ways in which objects could be observed or modified outside a compiler's control, it is appropriate that quality compilers for those platforms should differ in their exact handling of volatile semantics. Unfortunately, because the Standard failed to suggest that quality compilers intended for low-level programming on a platform should handle volatile in a way that will recognize any and all relevant effects of a particular read/write operation on that platform, many compilers fall short of doing so in ways that make it harder to process things like background I/O in a way which is efficient but can't be broken by compiler "optimizations".

我会提到另一个挥发物很重要的场景。

假设您为更快的I/O对文件进行内存映射，并且该文件可以在幕后更改(例如，该文件不在您的本地硬盘驱动器上，而是通过网络由另一台计算机提供)。

如果您通过指向非易失性对象的指针(在源代码级别)访问内存映射文件的数据，那么编译器生成的代码可以多次获取相同的数据，而您却不知道它。

如果该数据碰巧发生了变化，您的程序可能会使用两个或多个不同版本的数据，并进入不一致的状态。如果程序处理不受信任的文件或来自不受信任位置的文件，这不仅会导致程序的逻辑不正确行为，而且还会导致可利用的安全漏洞。

如果您关心安全性，这是一个需要考虑的重要场景。