This is an excellent question. It traces back to the first programming language that allowed comments, I'm sure. The code certainly should be as self-documenting as possible. Comments that point out the obvious, should be eliminated. Comments that make it easier to understand the intent, purpose, and use of a given method or section of code can be invaluable to those of us dolts that may be less familiar with the language or code in question. Structured comments that allow for the generation of API documentation are a good example. Just don't comment an IF statement that checks to see if a checkbox is checked and tell me that you're checking to see if the checkbox is checked. Restating the obvious in a comment is the worst waste keystrokes in our universe.

//For example, the above text deals with what is a useful comment

自文档代码是非常清晰的代码，以至于不需要注释。我举个小例子:

//iterate from 0 to 100
for(int i=0; i < 100; i++) {
   println i
}

注释没什么用，因为代码很清楚。文档是一个很好的实践，但是额外的文档会给代码增加不必要的干扰。你的同事需要知道的是，不是每个人都能阅读别人的代码并了解所有的细节。

int calc(int a, int b) {
   return sqrt(a*a + b*b); //pythagoras theorem
}

如果没有注释，最后一个片段将很难破译。你可以想象其他更做作的例子。

我很惊讶居然没有人提出“识字编程”，这是一种由德克萨斯州的Donald E. Knuth在1981年提出的技术，并因《计算机编程的艺术》而闻名。

前提很简单:既然代码必须被人类理解，注释被编译器简单地扔掉，为什么不给每个人他们需要的东西——对代码意图的完整文本描述，不受编程语言要求的限制，为人类读者和编译器提供纯代码。

识字编程工具通过为文档提供特殊标记来实现这一点，这些标记告诉工具哪些部分应该是源代码，哪些部分是文本。该程序随后从文档中提取源代码部分并汇编代码文件。

我在它的网页上找到了一个例子:http://moonflare.com/code/select/select.nw或HTML版本http://moonflare.com/code/select/select.html

如果你能在图书馆找到Knuth的书(Donald E. Knuth，文学程序设计，斯坦福，加利福尼亚:语言和信息研究中心，1992,CSLI课堂笔记，没有。27.)你应该读一读。

这是自文档化的代码，包括推理等。即使是一份很好的文件， 其他一切都是写得很好的评论:-)

I think its a matter of the right amount of documentation, rather than all or none. If the parameters to a function are well named, you often don't have to say exactly what they are, e.g. char *CustomerName is pretty obvious. If you use assert value ranges for parameters, you don't have to document those ranges as well. IMO, documentation should cover everything which is less than obvious and hence needs some explanation, and most code needs some documentation. Personally, I'd rather see an illustrative example of how a given function works than descriptive documentation, in most cases.

为了文档而编写文档可能会浪费时间，因为文档需要维护，以便与代码库保持同步。如果没有人会从阅读中受益，那就不要写。

既然这是关于注释和代码的，那么让我们来看一些实际的代码。比较下面的典型代码:

float a, b, c; a=9.81; b=5; c= .5*a*(b^2);

到这个显示正在执行的操作的自文档代码:

const float gravitationalForce = 9.81;
float timeInSeconds = 5;
float displacement = (1 / 2) * gravitationalForce * (timeInSeconds ^ 2);

然后是这个文档代码，它更好地解释了为什么要这样做:

/* compute displacement with Newton's equation x = vₒt + ½at² */
const float gravitationalForce = 9.81;
float timeInSeconds = 5;
float displacement = (1 / 2) * gravitationalForce * (timeInSeconds ^ 2);

最终版本的代码作为文档，不需要注释:

float computeDisplacement(float timeInSeconds) {
    const float gravitationalForce = 9.81;
    float displacement = (1 / 2) * gravitationalForce * (timeInSeconds ^ 2);
    return displacement;
}

下面是一个糟糕评论风格的例子:

const float a = 9.81; //gravitational force
float b = 5; //time in seconds
float c = (1/2)*a*(b^2) //multiply the time and gravity together to get displacement.

在最后一个例子中，当变量应该被描述性地命名时，就会使用注释，当我们可以清楚地看到操作是什么时，就会总结操作的结果。无论如何，我更喜欢自文档化的第二个示例，也许这就是您的朋友所说的自文档化代码。

我会说，这取决于你所做的事情的背景。对我来说，在这种情况下，自编文档的代码可能就足够了，但是详细描述所做事情(在本例中是方程)背后的方法的注释也很有用。

This is an excellent question. It traces back to the first programming language that allowed comments, I'm sure. The code certainly should be as self-documenting as possible. Comments that point out the obvious, should be eliminated. Comments that make it easier to understand the intent, purpose, and use of a given method or section of code can be invaluable to those of us dolts that may be less familiar with the language or code in question. Structured comments that allow for the generation of API documentation are a good example. Just don't comment an IF statement that checks to see if a checkbox is checked and tell me that you're checking to see if the checkbox is checked. Restating the obvious in a comment is the worst waste keystrokes in our universe.

//For example, the above text deals with what is a useful comment