可以在原子整数或长值上使用compareAndSwap (CAS)实现非阻塞锁。“Tl2”软件事务内存论文这样描述:

我们将一个特殊版本的写锁与每个事务关联起来 内存位置。在其最简单的形式中，版本化写锁是 使用CAS操作获取锁和的单字自旋锁 一个发布它的商店。因为我们只需要一个比特来表示 如果锁已被占用，则使用锁字的其余部分来保存 版本号。

What it is describing is first read the atomic integer. Split this up into an ignored lock-bit and the version number. Attempt to CAS write it as the lock-bit cleared with the current version number to the lock-bit set and the next version number. Loop until you succeed and your are the thread which owns the lock. Unlock by setting the current version number with the lock-bit cleared. The paper describes using the version numbers in the locks to coordinate that threads have a consistent set of reads when they write.

本文介绍了处理器对比较和交换操作的硬件支持，这使得比较和交换操作非常高效。它还声称:

使用原子变量的非阻塞基于cas的计数器有更好的性能 在低到中等争用情况下，性能优于基于锁的计数器

可以在原子整数或长值上使用compareAndSwap (CAS)实现非阻塞锁。“Tl2”软件事务内存论文这样描述:

我们将一个特殊版本的写锁与每个事务关联起来 内存位置。在其最简单的形式中，版本化写锁是 使用CAS操作获取锁和的单字自旋锁 一个发布它的商店。因为我们只需要一个比特来表示 如果锁已被占用，则使用锁字的其余部分来保存 版本号。

What it is describing is first read the atomic integer. Split this up into an ignored lock-bit and the version number. Attempt to CAS write it as the lock-bit cleared with the current version number to the lock-bit set and the next version number. Loop until you succeed and your are the thread which owns the lock. Unlock by setting the current version number with the lock-bit cleared. The paper describes using the version numbers in the locks to coordinate that threads have a consistent set of reads when they write.

本文介绍了处理器对比较和交换操作的硬件支持，这使得比较和交换操作非常高效。它还声称:

使用原子变量的非阻塞基于cas的计数器有更好的性能 在低到中等争用情况下，性能优于基于锁的计数器

Atomic classes are not general purpose replacements for java.lang.Integer and related classes. They do not define methods such as equals, hashCode and compareTo. (Because atomic variables are expected to be mutated, they are poor choices for hash table keys.) Additionally, classes are provided only for those types that are commonly useful in intended applications. For example, there is no atomic class for representing byte. In those infrequent cases where you would like to do so, you can use an AtomicInteger to hold byte values, and cast appropriately. You can also hold floats using Float.floatToRawIntBits(float) and Float.intBitsToFloat(int) conversions, and doubles using Double.doubleToRawLongBits(double) and Double.longBitsToDouble(long) conversions.

参考:https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/atomic/package-summary.html

例如，我有一个生成某些类实例的库。每个实例必须有一个唯一的整数ID，因为这些实例表示发送到服务器的命令，并且每个命令必须有一个唯一的ID。由于允许多个线程并发发送命令，所以我使用AtomicInteger来生成这些id。另一种方法是使用某种锁和常规整数，但这既慢又不优雅。

如果您查看AtomicInteger具有的方法，您将注意到它们倾向于对应于对int的常见操作。例如:

static AtomicInteger i;

// Later, in a thread
int current = i.incrementAndGet();

是线程安全的版本:

static int i;

// Later, in a thread
int current = ++i;

方法映射如下: ++i是i. incrementandget () i++就是i. getandincrement () ——i是i. decrementandget () i——是i. getanddecrement () I = x = I .set(x) X = I = X = I .get()

还有其他方便的方法，如compareAndSet或addAndGet

当我需要为可以从多个线程访问或创建的对象提供id时，我通常使用AtomicInteger，并且我通常将它用作我在对象的构造函数中访问的类的静态属性。