我看了django是怎么处理的

django.utils。Module_loading有这个

def import_string(dotted_path):
    """
    Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
    last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import failed.
    """
    try:
        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.rsplit('.', 1)
    except ValueError:
        msg = "%s doesn't look like a module path" % dotted_path
        six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])

    module = import_module(module_path)

    try:
        return getattr(module, class_name)
    except AttributeError:
        msg = 'Module "%s" does not define a "%s" attribute/class' % (
            module_path, class_name)
        six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])

你可以像import_string("module_path.to.all.the.way.to.your_class")一样使用它。

你可以这样做:

globals()[class_name]

如果您真的想检索使用字符串创建的类，则应该将它们存储(或适当地引用)在字典中。毕竟，这也允许在更高的级别上命名类，并避免暴露不需要的类。

例如，在一个游戏中，actor类是用Python定义的，而你希望避免用户输入到达其他通用类。

另一种方法(如下面的例子)将创建一个全新的类，它包含上面的字典。这将:

允许多个类持有者更容易组织(比如，一个用于actor类，另一个用于声音类型); 使持有者和被持有的类的修改更容易; 您可以使用类方法向字典中添加类。(尽管下面的抽象并不是真正必要的，它只是为了……“说明”)。

例子:

class ClassHolder:
    def __init__(self):
        self.classes = {}

    def add_class(self, c):
        self.classes[c.__name__] = c

    def __getitem__(self, n):
        return self.classes[n]

class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 0

    def bar(self):
        return self.a + 1

class Spam(Foo):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 2

    def bar(self):
        return self.a + 4

class SomethingDifferent:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = "Hello"

    def add_world(self):
        self.a += " World"

    def add_word(self, w):
        self.a += " " + w

    def finish(self):
        self.a += "!"
        return self.a

aclasses = ClassHolder()
dclasses = ClassHolder()
aclasses.add_class(Foo)
aclasses.add_class(Spam)
dclasses.add_class(SomethingDifferent)

print aclasses
print dclasses

print "======="
print "o"
print aclasses["Foo"]
print aclasses["Spam"]
print "o"
print dclasses["SomethingDifferent"]

print "======="
g = dclasses["SomethingDifferent"]()
g.add_world()
print g.finish()

print "======="
s = []
s.append(aclasses["Foo"]())
s.append(aclasses["Spam"]())

for a in s:
    print a.a
    print a.bar()
    print "--"

print "Done experiment!"

这让我想到:

<__main__.ClassHolder object at 0x02D9EEF0>
<__main__.ClassHolder object at 0x02D9EF30>
=======
o
<class '__main__.Foo'>
<class '__main__.Spam'>
o
<class '__main__.SomethingDifferent'>
=======
Hello World!
=======
0
1
--
2
6
--
Done experiment!

另一个有趣的实验是添加一个方法来pickle classolder，这样你就不会丢失所有你做过的类:^)

更新:也可以使用装饰器作为简写。

class ClassHolder:
    def __init__(self):
        self.classes = {}

    def add_class(self, c):
        self.classes[c.__name__] = c

    # -- the decorator
    def held(self, c):
        self.add_class(c)

        # Decorators have to return the function/class passed (or a modified variant thereof), however I'd rather do this separately than retroactively change add_class, so.
        # "held" is more succint, anyway.
        return c 

    def __getitem__(self, n):
        return self.classes[n]

food_types = ClassHolder()

@food_types.held
class bacon:
    taste = "salty"

@food_types.held
class chocolate:
    taste = "sweet"

@food_types.held
class tee:
    taste = "bitter" # coffee, ftw ;)

@food_types.held
class lemon:
    taste = "sour"

print(food_types['bacon'].taste) # No manual add_class needed! :D

我看了django是怎么处理的

django.utils。Module_loading有这个

def import_string(dotted_path):
    """
    Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
    last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import failed.
    """
    try:
        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.rsplit('.', 1)
    except ValueError:
        msg = "%s doesn't look like a module path" % dotted_path
        six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])

    module = import_module(module_path)

    try:
        return getattr(module, class_name)
    except AttributeError:
        msg = 'Module "%s" does not define a "%s" attribute/class' % (
            module_path, class_name)
        six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])

你可以像import_string("module_path.to.all.the.way.to.your_class")一样使用它。

import sys
import types

def str_to_class(field):
    try:
        identifier = getattr(sys.modules[__name__], field)
    except AttributeError:
        raise NameError("%s doesn't exist." % field)
    if isinstance(identifier, (types.ClassType, types.TypeType)):
        return identifier
    raise TypeError("%s is not a class." % field)

这可以准确地处理旧样式和新样式的类。

警告:eval()可用于执行任意Python代码。永远不要对不受信任的字符串使用eval()。(请参阅Python的eval()对不受信任字符串的安全性?)

这似乎是最简单的。

>>> class Foo(object):
...     pass
... 
>>> eval("Foo")
<class '__main__.Foo'>