这个函数使用递归迭代遍历字典的每个部分，然后调用非内置类型类的repr()方法。

def sterilize(obj):
    object_type = type(obj)
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        return {k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
    elif object_type in (list, tuple):
        return [sterilize(v) for v in obj]
    elif object_type in (str, int, bool, float):
        return obj
    else:
        return obj.__repr__()

基于Quinten Cabo的回答:

def sterilize(obj):
    """Make an object more ameniable to dumping as json
    """
    if type(obj) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
        return obj
    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
        return {k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
    list_ret = []
    dict_ret = {}
    for a in dir(obj):
        if a == '__iter__' and callable(obj.__iter__):
            list_ret.extend([sterilize(v) for v in obj])
        elif a == '__dict__':
            dict_ret.update({k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.__dict__.items() if k not in ['__module__', '__dict__', '__weakref__', '__doc__']})
        elif a not in ['__doc__', '__module__']:
            aval = getattr(obj, a)
            if type(aval) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
                dict_ret[a] = aval
            elif a != '__class__' and a != '__objclass__' and isinstance(aval, type):
                dict_ret[a] = sterilize(aval)
    if len(list_ret) == 0:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return repr(obj)
        return dict_ret
    else:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return list_ret
    return (list_ret, dict_ret)

区别在于

Works for any iterable instead of just list and tuple (it works for NumPy arrays, etc.) Works for dynamic types (ones that contain a __dict__). Includes native types float and None so they don't get converted to string. Classes that have __dict__ and members will mostly work (if the __dict__ and member names collide, you will only get one - likely the member) Classes that are lists and have members will look like a tuple of the list and a dictionary Python3 (that isinstance() call may be the only thing that needs changing)

解决这个问题有很多方法。'ObjDict' (pip install object)是另一个。重点是提供像javascript一样的对象，它也可以像字典一样最好地处理从JSON加载的数据，但还有其他功能也很有用。这为原始问题提供了另一种解决方案。

我喜欢Onur的答案，但会扩展到包括一个可选的toJSON()方法，用于对象序列化自己:

def dumper(obj):
    try:
        return obj.toJSON()
    except:
        return obj.__dict__
print json.dumps(some_big_object, default=dumper, indent=2)

要添加另一个选项:您可以使用attrs包和asdict方法。

class ObjectEncoder(JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        return attr.asdict(o)

json.dumps(objects, cls=ObjectEncoder)

然后再转换回去

def from_json(o):
    if '_obj_name' in o:
        type_ = o['_obj_name']
        del o['_obj_name']
        return globals()[type_](**o)
    else:
        return o

data = JSONDecoder(object_hook=from_json).decode(data)

类看起来像这样

@attr.s
class Foo(object):
    x = attr.ib()
    _obj_name = attr.ib(init=False, default='Foo')

为了给这场11年的大火再添一根柴，我想要一个满足以下条件的解决方案:

只允许使用json.dumps(obj)序列化类FileItem的实例 允许FileItem实例具有属性:FileItem .fname 允许FileItem实例提供给任何库，使用json.dumps(obj)序列化它 不需要将任何其他字段传递给json。转储(如自定义序列化器)

IE:

fileItem = FileItem('filename.ext')
assert json.dumps(fileItem) == '{"fname": "filename.ext"}'
assert fileItem.fname == 'filename.ext'

我的解决方案是:

obj的类是否继承自dict 将每个对象属性映射到底层字典

class FileItem(dict):
    def __init__(self, fname):
        self['fname'] = fname

    #fname property
    fname: str = property()
    @fname.getter
    def fname(self):
        return self['fname']

    @fname.setter
    def fname(self, value: str):
        self['fname'] = value

    #Repeat for other properties

是的，如果你有很多属性，这有点冗长，但它是JSONSerializable，它的行为像一个对象，你可以把它给任何库，去json.dumps(obj)它。