我使用参数——user-install运行以下命令:

gem install name_of_gem --user-install

Edit

There was one gem I still could not install (it required the Ruby.h headers of the Ruby development kit or something), then I tried the different version managers, but somehow that still did not really work as it was stated in the documentations how to just install and switch (it did just not switch the versions). Then I removed all the installed version managers and installed afterwards with brew install ruby the latest version and did set the PATH variable, too. (It will be mentioned after the installation of ruby from brew), which worked.

在尝试了之前的方法后，我在《Big Sur》中发现了这种方法:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

运行这个

$ rbenv init
# Load rbenv automatically by appending
# the following to ~/.zshrc:

eval "$(rbenv init -)"

按照说明，(在我的例子中，添加到~/.zshrc);)

同样重要的是:更改只有在重新启动控制台时才生效。两个选项

输入source <modified file> 关上再打开

为了解决这个问题，我跑了

brew reinstall ruby

是谁向我展示了这条信息

= = >警告 = = > ruby 默认情况下，gem安装的二进制文件将被放置到: / opt /组装/ lib / ruby /珠宝/ 3.1.0 / bin 您可能希望将此添加到PATH中。 Ruby是只有酒桶的，这意味着它没有符号链接到/opt/homebrew， 因为macOS已经提供了这个软件，并且正在安装另一个版本 并行会引起各种各样的麻烦。 如果你需要在PATH中先有ruby，运行: echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile . PATH

所以我把这两行加到~/中。bashrc文件(

export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin:$PATH"

然后我打开了一个新的终端。应用程序窗口和运行我的gem安装命令再次工作。

我正在使用下面的命令来安装fastlane，但没有工作

宝石安装快车道-NV

所以使用sudo安装宝石对我来说很有用，就像

sudo gem install fastlane -NV

博士TL;

在一些情况下，我通过关闭终端会话并在重新尝试失败的命令之前打开一个新的会话来解决这类错误。

长解释

在一些SOs(如MacOS)中，已经预先安装了ruby的系统级版本。如果您正在使用版本管理器，例如rbenv或asdf，它们通过处理当前会话的环境来工作，以便相关命令指向版本管理器安装的二进制文件。

When installing a new binary, the version manager installs it in a special location, usually somewhere under the user's home directory. It then configures everything in your PATH so that you get the freshly installed binaries when you issue a command, instead of the ones that came with your system. However, if you don't restart the session (there are other ways of getting your environment updated, but that's the easiest one) you don't get the new configuration and you will be using the original installation.