其中一个含义与值如何存储在计算机中有关，例如，对于一个。net字符串，它意味着内存中的字符串不能被更改，当你认为你正在更改它时，你实际上是在内存中创建了一个新的字符串，并将现有的变量(这只是一个指向其他地方的实际字符集合的指针)指向新的字符串。

java.time

这可能有点晚了，但为了理解什么是不可变对象，请考虑以下来自新的Java 8日期和时间API (Java . Time)的示例。你可能知道，Java 8中的所有日期对象都是不可变的，所以在下面的例子中

LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(2014, 3, 18); 
date.plusYears(2);
System.out.println(date);

输出:

2014-03-18

这将打印与初始日期相同的年份，因为plusYears(2)返回一个新对象，因此旧日期仍然不变，因为它是一个不可变对象。一旦创建，您就不能进一步修改它，日期变量仍然指向它。

因此，该代码示例应该捕获并使用由plusYears调用实例化并返回的新对象。

LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(2014, 3, 18); 
LocalDate dateAfterTwoYears = date.plusYears(2);

date.toString()…2014-03-18 dateAfterTwoYears.toString()…2016-03-18

String s1="Hi";
String s2=s1;
s1="Bye";

System.out.println(s2); //Hi  (if String was mutable output would be: Bye)
System.out.println(s1); //Bye

s1="Hi":创建一个包含"Hi"值的对象s1。

S2 =s1:引用s1对象创建对象S2。

s1="Bye":之前的s1对象的值不会改变，因为s1有String类型，而String类型是一个不可变的类型，相反，编译器创建了一个新的String对象与"Bye"值和s1引用它。在这里，当我们打印s2值时，结果将是“Hi”而不是“Bye”，因为s2引用了前一个具有“Hi”值的s1对象。

一旦实例化，就不能更改。考虑一个类，它的实例可能用作哈希表或类似的键。查看Java最佳实践。

不可变对象是指创建后不能修改的对象。一个典型的例子是字符串字面量。

越来越流行的D编程语言通过“不变”关键字具有“不变性”的概念。查看Dr.Dobb关于它的文章http://dobbscodetalk.com/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=Invariant-Strings.html&Itemid=29。它完美地解释了这个问题。

In large applications its common for string literals to occupy large bits of memory. So to efficiently handle the memory, the JVM allocates an area called "String constant pool".(Note that in memory even an unreferenced String carries around a char[], an int for its length, and another for its hashCode. For a number, by contrast, a maximum of eight immediate bytes is required) When complier comes across a String literal it checks the pool to see if there is an identical literal already present. And if one is found, the reference to the new literal is directed to the existing String, and no new 'String literal object' is created(the existing String simply gets an additional reference). Hence : String mutability saves memory... But when any of the variables change value, Actually - it's only their reference that's changed, not the value in memory(hence it will not affect the other variables referencing it) as seen below....

字符串s1 = "旧字符串";

//s1 variable, refers to string in memory
        reference                 |     MEMORY       |
        variables                 |                  |

           [s1]   --------------->|   "Old String"   |

字符串s2 = s1;

//s2 refers to same string as s1
                                  |                  |
           [s1]   --------------->|   "Old String"   |
           [s2]   ------------------------^

s1 = "New String";

//s1 deletes reference to old string and points to the newly created one
           [s1]   -----|--------->|   "New String"   |
                       |          |                  |
                       |~~~~~~~~~X|   "Old String"   |
           [s2]   ------------------------^

原来的字符串'in memory'没有改变，但是 引用变量已被更改，以便它引用新字符串。 如果我们没有s2, Old String仍然在内存中，但是 我们无法访问它…