我想让我的c++项目跨平台,我正在考虑使用Cygwin/MinGW。 但是它们之间有什么区别呢?

另一个问题是,我是否能够在没有Cygwin/MinGW的系统上运行二进制文件?


当前回答

维基百科说:

MinGW forked from version 1.3.3 of Cygwin. Although both Cygwin and MinGW can be used to port UNIX software to Windows, they have different approaches: Cygwin aims to provide a complete POSIX layer that provides emulations of several system calls and libraries that exist on Linux, UNIX, and the BSD variants. The POSIX layer runs on top of Windows, sacrificing performance where necessary for compatibility. Accordingly, this approach requires Windows programs written with Cygwin to run on top of a copylefted compatibility library that must be distributed with the program, along with the program's source code. MinGW aims to provide native functionality and performance via direct Windows API calls. Unlike Cygwin, MinGW does not require a compatibility layer DLL and thus programs do not need to be distributed with source code. Because MinGW is dependent upon Windows API calls, it cannot provide a full POSIX API; it is unable to compile some UNIX applications that can be compiled with Cygwin. Specifically, this applies to applications that require POSIX functionality like fork(), mmap() or ioctl() and those that expect to be run in a POSIX environment. Applications written using a cross-platform library that has itself been ported to MinGW, such as SDL, wxWidgets, Qt, or GTK+, will usually compile as easily in MinGW as they would in Cygwin. The combination of MinGW and MSYS provides a small, self-contained environment that can be loaded onto removable media without leaving entries in the registry or files on the computer. Cygwin Portable provides a similar feature. By providing more functionality, Cygwin becomes more complicated to install and maintain. It is also possible to cross-compile Windows applications with MinGW-GCC under POSIX systems. This means that developers do not need a Windows installation with MSYS to compile software that will run on Windows without Cygwin.

其他回答

Cygwin使用一个DLL, Cygwin . DLL,(或者可能是一组DLL)在Windows上提供类似posix的运行时。

MinGW编译为本地Win32应用程序。

如果您使用Cygwin构建某个东西,那么您安装它的任何系统也将需要Cygwin DLL。MinGW应用程序不需要任何特殊的运行时。

维基百科说:

MinGW forked from version 1.3.3 of Cygwin. Although both Cygwin and MinGW can be used to port UNIX software to Windows, they have different approaches: Cygwin aims to provide a complete POSIX layer that provides emulations of several system calls and libraries that exist on Linux, UNIX, and the BSD variants. The POSIX layer runs on top of Windows, sacrificing performance where necessary for compatibility. Accordingly, this approach requires Windows programs written with Cygwin to run on top of a copylefted compatibility library that must be distributed with the program, along with the program's source code. MinGW aims to provide native functionality and performance via direct Windows API calls. Unlike Cygwin, MinGW does not require a compatibility layer DLL and thus programs do not need to be distributed with source code. Because MinGW is dependent upon Windows API calls, it cannot provide a full POSIX API; it is unable to compile some UNIX applications that can be compiled with Cygwin. Specifically, this applies to applications that require POSIX functionality like fork(), mmap() or ioctl() and those that expect to be run in a POSIX environment. Applications written using a cross-platform library that has itself been ported to MinGW, such as SDL, wxWidgets, Qt, or GTK+, will usually compile as easily in MinGW as they would in Cygwin. The combination of MinGW and MSYS provides a small, self-contained environment that can be loaded onto removable media without leaving entries in the registry or files on the computer. Cygwin Portable provides a similar feature. By providing more functionality, Cygwin becomes more complicated to install and maintain. It is also possible to cross-compile Windows applications with MinGW-GCC under POSIX systems. This means that developers do not need a Windows installation with MSYS to compile software that will run on Windows without Cygwin.

Cygwin模拟整个POSIX环境,而MinGW是仅用于编译的最小工具集(编译本地Win应用程序)。所以,如果你想让你的项目跨平台,MinGW显然是两个选择之一。

尽管你可能会考虑在Windows上使用VS,在Linux/ unix上使用GCC。大多数开源项目都这样做(例如Firefox或Python)。

请注意,两者之间的效用行为确实不同。

例如,Cygwin tar可以fork -,因为DLL中支持fork(),而mingw版本则不支持。当试图从源代码编译mysql时,这是一个问题。

Cygwin试图在Windows上创建一个完整的UNIX/POSIX环境。为此,它使用了各种dll。虽然这些dll由GPLv3+覆盖,但它们的许可包含一个异常,该异常不强制派生作品由GPLv3+覆盖。MinGW是一个C/ c++编译器套件,它允许你创建Windows可执行文件而不依赖于这些dll -你只需要正常的MSVC运行时,这是任何正常的微软Windows安装的一部分。

您还可以获得一个类似UNIX/POSIX的小型环境,使用MinGW编译,称为MSYS。它不具备Cygwin的所有功能,但对于想要使用MinGW的程序员来说是理想的。