使用PowerShell，我想用MyValue替换给定文件中所有精确出现的[MYID]。最简单的方法是什么?
当前回答
下面是一个相当简单的例子，它支持多行正则表达式、多个文件(使用管道)、指定输出编码等。由于ReadAllText方法，不建议用于非常大的文件。
# Update-FileText.ps1
#requires -version 2
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Updates text in files using a regular expression.
.DESCRIPTION
Updates text in files using a regular expression.
.PARAMETER Pattern
Specifies the regular expression pattern.
.PARAMETER Replacement
Specifies the regular expression replacement pattern.
.PARAMETER Path
Specifies the path to one or more files. Wildcards are not supported. Each file is read entirely into memory to support multi-line searching and replacing, so performance may be slow for large files.
.PARAMETER CaseSensitive
Specifies case-sensitive matching. The default is to ignore case.
.PARAMETER SimpleMatch
Specifies a simple match rather than a regular expression match (i.e., the Pattern parameter specifies a simple string rather than a regular expression).
.PARAMETER Multiline
Changes the meaning of ^ and $ so they match at the beginning and end, respectively, of any line, and not just the beginning and end of the entire file. The default is that ^ and $, respectively, match the beginning and end of the entire file.
.PARAMETER UnixText
Causes $ to match only linefeed (\n) characters. By default, $ matches carriage return+linefeed (\r\n). (Windows-based text files usually use \r\n as line terminators, while Unix-based text files usually use only \n.)
.PARAMETER Overwrite
Overwrites a file by creating a temporary file containing all replacements and then replacing the original file with the temporary file. The default is to output but not overwrite.
.PARAMETER Force
Allows overwriting of read-only files. Note that this parameter cannot override security restrictions.
.PARAMETER Encoding
Specifies the encoding for the file when -Overwrite is used. Possible values for this parameter are ASCII, BigEndianUnicode, Unicode, UTF32, UTF7, and UTF8. The default value is ASCII.
.INPUTS
System.IO.FileInfo.
.OUTPUTS
System.String (single-line file) or System.String[] (file with more than one line) without the -Overwrite parameter, or nothing with the -Overwrite parameter.
.LINK
about_Regular_Expressions
.EXAMPLE
C:\> Update-FileText.ps1 '(Ferb) and (Phineas)' '$2 and $1' Story.txt
This command replaces the text 'Ferb and Phineas' with the text 'Phineas and Ferb' in the file Story.txt and outputs the content. Note that the pattern and replacement strings are enclosed in single quotes to prevent variable expansion.
.EXAMPLE
C:\> Update-FileText.ps1 'Perry' 'Agent P' Story2.txt -Overwrite
This command replaces the text 'Perry' with the text 'Agent P' in the file Story2.txt.
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true,ConfirmImpact = "High")]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true,Position = 0,ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[String[]] $Path,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true,Position = 1)]
[String] $Pattern,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true,Position = 2)]
[AllowEmptyString()]
[String] $Replacement,
[Switch] $CaseSensitive,
[Switch] $SimpleMatch,
[Switch] $Multiline,
[Switch] $UnixText,
[Switch] $Overwrite,
[Switch] $Force,
[ValidateSet("ASCII","BigEndianUnicode","Unicode","UTF32","UTF7","UTF8")]
[String] $Encoding = "ASCII"
)
begin {
function Get-TempName {
param(
$path
)
do {
$tempName = Join-Path $path ([IO.Path]::GetRandomFilename())
}
while ( Test-Path $tempName )
$tempName
}
if ( $SimpleMatch ) {
$Pattern = [Regex]::Escape($Pattern)
}
else {
if ( -not $UnixText ) {
$Pattern = $Pattern -replace '(?<!\\)\$','\r$'
}
}
function New-Regex {
$regexOpts = [Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions]::None
if ( -not $CaseSensitive ) {
$regexOpts = $regexOpts -bor [Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions]::IgnoreCase
}
if ( $Multiline ) {
$regexOpts = $regexOpts -bor [Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions]::Multiline
}
New-Object Text.RegularExpressions.Regex $Pattern,$regexOpts
}
$Regex = New-Regex
function Update-FileText {
param(
$path
)
$pathInfo = Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $path
if ( $pathInfo ) {
if ( (Get-Item $pathInfo).GetType().FullName -eq "System.IO.FileInfo" ) {
$fullName = $pathInfo.Path
Write-Verbose "Reading '$fullName'"
$text = [IO.File]::ReadAllText($fullName)
Write-Verbose "Finished reading '$fullName'"
if ( -not $Overwrite ) {
$regex.Replace($text,$Replacement)
}
else {
$tempName = Get-TempName (Split-Path $fullName -Parent)
Set-Content $tempName $null -Confirm:$false
if ( $? ) {
Write-Verbose "Created file '$tempName'"
try {
Write-Verbose "Started writing '$tempName'"
[IO.File]::WriteAllText("$tempName",$Regex.Replace($text,$Replacement),[Text.Encoding]::$Encoding)
Write-Verbose "Finished writing '$tempName'"
Write-Verbose "Started copying '$tempName' to '$fullName'"
Copy-Item $tempName $fullName -Force:$Force -ErrorAction Continue
if ( $? ) {
Write-Verbose "Finished copying '$tempName' to '$fullName'"
}
Remove-Item $tempName
if ( $? ) {
Write-Verbose "Removed file '$tempName'"
}
}
catch [Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {
Write-Error $Error[0]
}
}
}
}
else {
Write-Error "The item '$path' must be a file in the file system." -Category InvalidType
}
}
}
}
process {
foreach ( $PathItem in $Path ) {
if ( $Overwrite ) {
if ( $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("'$PathItem'","Overwrite file") ) {
Update-FileText $PathItem
}
}
else {
Update-FileText $PathItem
}
}
}
在Github上也可以找到。
其他回答
你可以尝试这样做:
$path = "C:\testFile.txt"
$word = "searchword"
$replacement = "ReplacementText"
$text = get-content $path
$newText = $text -replace $word,$replacement
$newText > $path
示例替换文件夹内的所有字符串:
$path=$args[0]
$oldString=$args[1]
$newString=$args[2]
Get-ChildItem -Path $path -Recurse -File |
ForEach-Object {
(Get-Content $_.FullName).replace($oldString,$newString) | Set-Content $_.FullName
}
用途(V3版本):
(Get-Content c:\temp\test.txt).replace('[MYID]', 'MyValue') | Set-Content c:\temp\test.txt
对于V2:
(Get-Content c:\temp\test.txt) -replace '\[MYID\]', 'MyValue' | Set-Content c:\temp\test.txt
下面是一个相当简单的例子，它支持多行正则表达式、多个文件(使用管道)、指定输出编码等。由于ReadAllText方法，不建议用于非常大的文件。
# Update-FileText.ps1
#requires -version 2
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Updates text in files using a regular expression.
.DESCRIPTION
Updates text in files using a regular expression.
.PARAMETER Pattern
Specifies the regular expression pattern.
.PARAMETER Replacement
Specifies the regular expression replacement pattern.
.PARAMETER Path
Specifies the path to one or more files. Wildcards are not supported. Each file is read entirely into memory to support multi-line searching and replacing, so performance may be slow for large files.
.PARAMETER CaseSensitive
Specifies case-sensitive matching. The default is to ignore case.
.PARAMETER SimpleMatch
Specifies a simple match rather than a regular expression match (i.e., the Pattern parameter specifies a simple string rather than a regular expression).
.PARAMETER Multiline
Changes the meaning of ^ and $ so they match at the beginning and end, respectively, of any line, and not just the beginning and end of the entire file. The default is that ^ and $, respectively, match the beginning and end of the entire file.
.PARAMETER UnixText
Causes $ to match only linefeed (\n) characters. By default, $ matches carriage return+linefeed (\r\n). (Windows-based text files usually use \r\n as line terminators, while Unix-based text files usually use only \n.)
.PARAMETER Overwrite
Overwrites a file by creating a temporary file containing all replacements and then replacing the original file with the temporary file. The default is to output but not overwrite.
.PARAMETER Force
Allows overwriting of read-only files. Note that this parameter cannot override security restrictions.
.PARAMETER Encoding
Specifies the encoding for the file when -Overwrite is used. Possible values for this parameter are ASCII, BigEndianUnicode, Unicode, UTF32, UTF7, and UTF8. The default value is ASCII.
.INPUTS
System.IO.FileInfo.
.OUTPUTS
System.String (single-line file) or System.String[] (file with more than one line) without the -Overwrite parameter, or nothing with the -Overwrite parameter.
.LINK
about_Regular_Expressions
.EXAMPLE
C:\> Update-FileText.ps1 '(Ferb) and (Phineas)' '$2 and $1' Story.txt
This command replaces the text 'Ferb and Phineas' with the text 'Phineas and Ferb' in the file Story.txt and outputs the content. Note that the pattern and replacement strings are enclosed in single quotes to prevent variable expansion.
.EXAMPLE
C:\> Update-FileText.ps1 'Perry' 'Agent P' Story2.txt -Overwrite
This command replaces the text 'Perry' with the text 'Agent P' in the file Story2.txt.
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true,ConfirmImpact = "High")]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true,Position = 0,ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[String[]] $Path,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true,Position = 1)]
[String] $Pattern,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true,Position = 2)]
[AllowEmptyString()]
[String] $Replacement,
[Switch] $CaseSensitive,
[Switch] $SimpleMatch,
[Switch] $Multiline,
[Switch] $UnixText,
[Switch] $Overwrite,
[Switch] $Force,
[ValidateSet("ASCII","BigEndianUnicode","Unicode","UTF32","UTF7","UTF8")]
[String] $Encoding = "ASCII"
)
begin {
function Get-TempName {
param(
$path
)
do {
$tempName = Join-Path $path ([IO.Path]::GetRandomFilename())
}
while ( Test-Path $tempName )
$tempName
}
if ( $SimpleMatch ) {
$Pattern = [Regex]::Escape($Pattern)
}
else {
if ( -not $UnixText ) {
$Pattern = $Pattern -replace '(?<!\\)\$','\r$'
}
}
function New-Regex {
$regexOpts = [Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions]::None
if ( -not $CaseSensitive ) {
$regexOpts = $regexOpts -bor [Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions]::IgnoreCase
}
if ( $Multiline ) {
$regexOpts = $regexOpts -bor [Text.RegularExpressions.RegexOptions]::Multiline
}
New-Object Text.RegularExpressions.Regex $Pattern,$regexOpts
}
$Regex = New-Regex
function Update-FileText {
param(
$path
)
$pathInfo = Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $path
if ( $pathInfo ) {
if ( (Get-Item $pathInfo).GetType().FullName -eq "System.IO.FileInfo" ) {
$fullName = $pathInfo.Path
Write-Verbose "Reading '$fullName'"
$text = [IO.File]::ReadAllText($fullName)
Write-Verbose "Finished reading '$fullName'"
if ( -not $Overwrite ) {
$regex.Replace($text,$Replacement)
}
else {
$tempName = Get-TempName (Split-Path $fullName -Parent)
Set-Content $tempName $null -Confirm:$false
if ( $? ) {
Write-Verbose "Created file '$tempName'"
try {
Write-Verbose "Started writing '$tempName'"
[IO.File]::WriteAllText("$tempName",$Regex.Replace($text,$Replacement),[Text.Encoding]::$Encoding)
Write-Verbose "Finished writing '$tempName'"
Write-Verbose "Started copying '$tempName' to '$fullName'"
Copy-Item $tempName $fullName -Force:$Force -ErrorAction Continue
if ( $? ) {
Write-Verbose "Finished copying '$tempName' to '$fullName'"
}
Remove-Item $tempName
if ( $? ) {
Write-Verbose "Removed file '$tempName'"
}
}
catch [Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {
Write-Error $Error[0]
}
}
}
}
else {
Write-Error "The item '$path' must be a file in the file system." -Category InvalidType
}
}
}
}
process {
foreach ( $PathItem in $Path ) {
if ( $Overwrite ) {
if ( $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("'$PathItem'","Overwrite file") ) {
Update-FileText $PathItem
}
}
else {
Update-FileText $PathItem
}
}
}
在Github上也可以找到。
(Get-Content file.txt) |
Foreach-Object {$_ -replace '\[MYID\]','MyValue'} |
Out-File file.txt
注意(Get-Content file.txt)周围的括号是必需的:
Without the parenthesis the content is read, one line at a time, and flows down the pipeline until it reaches out-file or set-content, which tries to write to the same file, but it's already open by get-content and you get an error. The parenthesis causes the operation of content reading to be performed once (open, read and close). Only then when all lines have been read, they are piped one at a time and when they reach the last command in the pipeline they can be written to the file. It's the same as $content=content; $content | where ...
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