在网上找到的，这个解决方案对我来说很好。

当我试图在升级到OS X 10.10 Yosemite后启动postgresql服务器时，我遇到了下一个问题:

pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres -l /usr/local/var/postgres/server.log start

could not connect to server: No such file or directory
Is the server running locally and accepting
connections on Unix domain socket "/var/pgsql_socket/.s.PGSQL.5432"?

好的，让我们来看看服务器日志:

cat /usr/local/var/postgres/server.log

FATAL: database files are incompatible with server
DETAIL: The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version 9.2, which is not compatible with this version 9.3.5.

所以，在升级postgresql后，我们需要遵循以下几个步骤:

launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist

mv /usr/local/var/postgres /usr/local/var/postgres92

brew update

brew upgrade postgresql

initdb /usr/local/var/postgres -E utf8

pg_upgrade -b /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.2.3/bin -B /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.3.5_1/bin -d /usr/local/var/postgres92 -D /usr/local/var/postgres

cp /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.3.5_1/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres -l /usr/local/var/postgres/server.log start

rm -rf /usr/local/var/postgres92

就是这样。

如果你想保留之前的postgres版本，使用brew开关:

$ brew info postgresql

postgresql: stable 10.5 (bottled), HEAD
Object-relational database system
https://www.postgresql.org/
Conflicts with:
  postgres-xc (because postgresql and postgres-xc install the same binaries.)
/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.6.3 (3,259 files, 36.6MB)
  Poured from bottle on 2017-07-09 at 22:15:41
/usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/10.5 (1,705 files, 20.8MB) *
  Poured from bottle on 2018-11-04 at 15:13:13

$ brew switch postgresql 9.6.3
$ brew services stop postgresql
$ brew services start postgresql

否则，考虑使用此brew命令迁移现有数据:brew postgresql-upgrade-database。查看源代码。

当在Docker中运行新的Postgres时，旧的卷没有更新，也会发生这种情况。

如果你不需要保存你的数据，最简单的方法是清除docker文件夹中的旧卷，在Linux中:

/var/lib/docker/volumes

当我试图用postgres11挂载卷启动Postgres12时，就发生了这种情况。只要删除postgres11的挂载卷并重新启动就可以了。

之前我用的是:

docker run -d --name my_database -v /Users/champ/postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data -p 54320:5432 postgres:11

我删除了/Users/champ/postgres并重新启动postgres 12，使用

docker run -d --name my_database -v /Users/champ/postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data -p 54320:5432 postgres:12

类似于这些答案(1,2)，我的Postgres数据库文件在升级到postgresql 13.3后与我的Postgres版本不兼容。

不幸的是，升级Postgres数据目录失败了。

$ brew postgresql-upgrade-database
...
Setting next OID for new cluster
*failure*

Consult the last few lines of "pg_upgrade_utility.log" for
the probable cause of the failure.
Failure, exiting
Error: Upgrading postgresql data from 12 to 13 failed!
==> Removing empty postgresql initdb database...
==> Moving postgresql data back from /usr/local/var/postgres.old to /usr/local/var/postgres...
Error: Failure while executing; `/usr/local/opt/postgresql/bin/pg_upgrade -r -b /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql@12/12.7/bin -B /usr/local/opt/postgresql/bin -d /usr/local/var/postgres.old -D /usr/local/var/postgres -j 8` exited with 1.

我的解决办法是重新安装postgresql 12.7。

$ brew reinstall postgresql@12
$ brew services start postgresql@12

一个过时的邮政局长。Pid文件导致了这一点。

简单地导航到你的postgres目录/Users/st/Library/Application Support/ postgres /，对我来说，就是:

cd '/Users/<username>/Library/Application Support/Postgres/var-10'

然后删除postmaster.pid文件。重新启动postgres，它将工作。