Swift编程语言指南中有如下示例:

class Person {
    let name: String
    init(name: String) { self.name = name }
    var apartment: Apartment?
    deinit { println("\(name) is being deinitialized") }
}

class Apartment {
    let number: Int
    init(number: Int) { self.number = number }
    var tenant: Person?
    deinit { println("Apartment #\(number) is being deinitialized") }
}

var john: Person?
var number73: Apartment?

john = Person(name: "John Appleseed")
number73 = Apartment(number: 73)

//From Apple's “The Swift Programming Language” guide (https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/AutomaticReferenceCounting.html)

然后,在给这个人分配公寓时,他们使用感叹号来“打开实例”:

john!.apartment = number73

“展开实例”是什么意思?为什么有必要?它与仅仅做以下事情有什么不同:

john.apartment = number73

我对Swift语言很不熟悉。我只是想把基本的东西记下来。

更新: 我遗漏了一个很大的谜团(答案中没有直接说明——至少在写这篇文章的时候没有),那就是当你做以下事情的时候:

var john: Person?

这并不意味着“约翰是人的类型,它可能是nil”,因为我最初的想法。我只是误解了《人与人》是完全不同的类型。一旦我明白了,所有其他的?,!疯狂,以及下面这些精彩的回答,让我觉得更有道理。


当前回答

如果john是一个可选的变量(这样声明)

var john: Person?

那么john可能没有值(在ObjC中为nil值)

感叹号基本上告诉编译器“我知道这有一个值,你不需要测试它”。如果你不想使用它,你可以有条件地测试它:

if let otherPerson = john {
    otherPerson.apartment = number73
}

只有当john有值时,这个内部才有价值。

其他回答

John是一个可选的Person,这意味着它可以保存值或为nil。

john.apartment = number73

如果John不是可选选项,则使用。由于john从不为nil,我们可以确定它不会在nil值时调用apartment。而

john!.apartment = number73

向编译器承诺John不是nil,然后打开可选选项以获取John的值并访问John的公寓属性。如果你知道john不是nil就用这个。如果你在可选的nil上调用这个,你会得到一个运行时错误。

文档中包含了一个很好的示例,其中convertedNumber是可选的。

if convertedNumber {
    println("\(possibleNumber) has an integer value of \(convertedNumber!)")
} else {
    println("\(possibleNumber) could not be converted to an integer")
}

以下是我认为的区别:

var john: Person?

意味着john可以是nil

john?.apartment = number73

编译器将这一行解释为:

if john != nil {
    john.apartment = number73
}

john!.apartment = number73

编译器将简单地解释这一行:

john.apartment = number73

因此,使用!将打开if语句,并使其运行得更快,但如果John为nil,则会发生运行时错误。

这里的wrap并不是指它是内存包装,而是指它是代码包装,在这种情况下,它是用if语句包装的,因为苹果非常关注运行时的性能,他们想给你一种方法让你的应用以最好的性能运行。

更新:

Getting back to this answer after 4 years, as I got the highest reputations from it in Stackoverflow :) I misunderstood a little the meaning of unwrapping at that time. Now after 4 years I believe the meaning of unwrapping here is to expand the code from its original compact form. Also it means removing the vagueness around that object, as we are not sure by definition if it is nil or not. Just like the answer of Ashley above, think about it as a present which could contain nothing in it. But I still think that the unwrapping is code unwrapping and not memory based unwrapping as using enum.

如果你来自c语言家族,你会想“指向X类型对象的指针,它可能是内存地址0 (NULL)”,如果你来自动态类型语言,你会想“对象可能是X类型,但可能是未定义的类型”。这两种说法实际上都不正确,尽管迂回地说,第一个说法很接近。

你应该把它想象成一个物体:

struct Optional<T> {
   var isNil:Boolean
   var realObject:T
}

When you're testing your optional value with foo == nil it's really returning foo.isNil, and when you say foo! it's returning foo.realObject with an assertion that foo.isNil == false. It's important to note this because if foo actually is nil when you do foo!, that's a runtime error, so typically you'd want to use a conditional let instead unless you are very sure that the value will not be nil. This kind of trickery means that the language can be strongly typed without forcing you to test if values are nil everywhere.

实际上,它并不是这样做的,因为工作是由编译器完成的。在高层次上有一个类型Foo?它与Foo是分开的,这可以防止接受类型Foo的函数函数接收到nil值,但在低级别上,可选值不是一个true对象,因为它没有属性或方法;实际上,它很可能是一个指针,在强制展开时,通过适当的测试,它可能是NULL(0)。

还有一种情况,你会看到感叹号是在一种类型上,比如:

func foo(bar: String!) {
    print(bar)
}

这大致相当于接受一个强制展开的可选选项,即:

func foo(bar: String?) {
    print(bar!)
}

你可以使用它来创建一个方法,该方法在技术上接受一个可选值,但如果它为nil,则会出现运行时错误。在当前版本的Swift中,这显然绕过了is-not-nil断言,所以你会有一个低级错误。通常不是个好主意,但在从另一种语言转换代码时可能很有用。

简单地说

USING感叹号表示变量必须包含非nil值(它永远不会是nil)

Simple the Optional variable allows nil to be stored.

var str : String? = nil

str = "Data"

To convert Optional to the Specific DataType, We unwrap the variable using the keyword "!"

func get(message : String){
   return
}

get(message : str!)  // Unwapped to pass as String