基于以上的答案，我想出了这个简单的解决方案:

git remote prune origin; git branch -r | awk '{print $1}' | egrep -v -f /dev/fd/0 <(git branch -vv | grep origin) | awk '{print $1}' | xargs git branch -d

Powershell:

git branch -D (git branch --merged |% { $_.trim() } )

在git帮助获取提供的信息中，有这样一个小项目:

 -p, --prune
        After fetching, remove any remote-tracking branches which no longer exist on the remote.

也许，git fetch -p是你要找的?

编辑:好吧，对于那些3年后还在争论这个答案的人，这里有一些关于我为什么给出这个答案的更多信息……

首先，OP说他们想“删除那些从远程分支创建的本地分支(这些分支不在远程上了)”。这在git中并不是完全可能的。举个例子。

假设我在中央服务器上有一个回购，它有两个分支，称为a和B。如果我将该回购克隆到我的本地系统，我的克隆将有本地引用(还不是实际的分支)称为origin/ a和origin/B。现在假设我做了以下事情:

git checkout -b A origin/A
git checkout -b Z origin/B
git checkout -b C <some hash>

这里的相关事实是，出于某种原因，我选择在我的本地回购上创建一个分支，该分支的名称与其起源不同，并且我还有一个本地分支，它(还)不存在于起源回购上。

Now let's say I remove both the A and B branches on the remote repo and update my local repo (git fetch of some form), which causes my local refs origin/A and origin/B to disappear. Now, my local repo has three branches still, A, Z, and C. None of these have a corresponding branch on the remote repo. Two of them were "created from ... remote branches", but even if I know that there used to be a branch called B on the origin, I have no way to know that Z was created from B, because it was renamed in the process, probably for a good reason. So, really, without some external process recording branch origin metadata, or a human who knows the history, it is impossible to tell which of the three branches, if any, the OP is targeting for removal. Without some external information that git does not automatically maintain for you, git fetch -p is about as close as you can get, and any automatic method for literally attempting what the OP asked runs the risk of either deleting too many branches, or missing some that the OP would otherwise want deleted.

还有其他的场景，比如，如果我在origin/A之外创建三个独立的分支，以测试三种不同的方法，然后origin/A消失了。现在我有三个分支，它们显然不能全部匹配名称，但它们是从origin/A创建的，因此OPs问题的字面解释需要删除所有三个分支。然而，如果你能找到一种可靠的方法来匹配它们，这可能并不理想……

删除所有没有更新到master的分支

git co master && git branch | sed s/\*/\ / | xargs git branch -d 2> /dev/null

以下是我的解决方案:

git fetch -p
git branch -vv | grep ": gone" | awk '{print $1}' | xargs git branch -d

-p用于删除远程上不再存在的任何远程跟踪引用。因此，第一步将删除对远程分支的引用。 -vv用于显示每个head的sha1和commit主题行，以及与上游分支的关系(如果有的话)。第二步将获取所有本地分支，grep命令将过滤掉已删除的分支。

它将列出远程跟踪分支从remote中删除的本地分支

$ git remote prune origin --dry-run

如果你想从未被跟踪的本地去引用这些本地分支

$ git remote prune origin