Nginx和Nodejs的最佳和最简单的设置是使用Nginx作为启用proxy_protocol的HTTP和TCP负载均衡器。在这种情况下，Nginx将能够将传入的请求代理到nodejs，并终止到后端Nginx服务器的SSL连接，而不是代理服务器本身。(SSL-PassThrough)
在我看来，没有必要给出非ssl的例子，因为所有的web应用都(或应该)使用安全的环境。
示例:代理服务器的配置，在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf中
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
upstream webserver-http {
server 192.168.1.4; #use a host port instead if using docker
server 192.168.1.5; #use a host port instead if using docker
}
upstream nodejs-http {
server 192.168.1.4:8080; #nodejs listening port
server 192.168.1.5:8080; #nodejs listening port
}
server {
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
add_header X-Upstream $upstream_addr;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_buffers 16 16k;
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
proxy_cache_background_update on;
proxy_pass http://webserver-http$request_uri;
}
}
server {
server_name node.example.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
add_header X-Upstream $upstream_addr;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_buffers 16 16k;
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
proxy_cache_background_update on;
proxy_pass http://nodejs-http$request_uri;
}
}
}
stream {
upstream webserver-https {
server 192.168.1.4:443; #use a host port instead if using docker
server 192.168.1.5:443; #use a host port instead if using docker
}
server {
proxy_protocol on;
tcp_nodelay on;
listen 443;
proxy_pass webserver-https;
}
log_format proxy 'Protocol: $protocol - $status $bytes_sent $bytes_received $session_time';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log proxy;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log debug;
}
现在，让我们处理后端web服务器。
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
load_module /etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip2_module.so; # GeoIP2
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
variables_hash_bucket_size 64;
variables_hash_max_size 2048;
server_tokens off;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
autoindex off;
keepalive_timeout 30;
types_hash_bucket_size 256;
client_max_body_size 100m;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
# GeoIP2
log_format main 'Proxy Protocol Address: [$proxy_protocol_addr] '
'"$request" $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
# GeoIP2
log_format main_geo 'Original Client Address: [$realip_remote_addr]- Proxy Protocol Address: [$proxy_protocol_addr] '
'Proxy Protocol Server Address:$proxy_protocol_server_addr - '
'"$request" $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'$geoip2_data_country_iso $geoip2_data_country_name';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main_geo; # GeoIP2
#===================== GEOIP2 =====================#
geoip2 /usr/share/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {
$geoip2_metadata_country_build metadata build_epoch;
$geoip2_data_country_geonameid country geoname_id;
$geoip2_data_country_iso country iso_code;
$geoip2_data_country_name country names en;
$geoip2_data_country_is_eu country is_in_european_union;
}
#geoip2 /usr/share/geoip/GeoLite2-City.mmdb {
# $geoip2_data_city_name city names en;
# $geoip2_data_city_geonameid city geoname_id;
# $geoip2_data_continent_code continent code;
# $geoip2_data_continent_geonameid continent geoname_id;
# $geoip2_data_continent_name continent names en;
# $geoip2_data_location_accuracyradius location accuracy_radius;
# $geoip2_data_location_latitude location latitude;
# $geoip2_data_location_longitude location longitude;
# $geoip2_data_location_metrocode location metro_code;
# $geoip2_data_location_timezone location time_zone;
# $geoip2_data_postal_code postal code;
# $geoip2_data_rcountry_geonameid registered_country geoname_id;
# $geoip2_data_rcountry_iso registered_country iso_code;
# $geoip2_data_rcountry_name registered_country names en;
# $geoip2_data_rcountry_is_eu registered_country is_in_european_union;
# $geoip2_data_region_geonameid subdivisions 0 geoname_id;
# $geoip2_data_region_iso subdivisions 0 iso_code;
# $geoip2_data_region_name subdivisions 0 names en;
#}
#=================Basic Compression=================#
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/css text/xml text/plain application/javascript image/jpeg image/png image/gif image/x-icon image/svg+xml image/webp application/font-woff application/json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;
gzip_static on;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com-https.conf;
}
现在，让我们在/etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com-https.conf配置虚拟主机，启用SSL和proxy_protocol:
server {
real_ip_header proxy_protocol;
set_real_ip_from 192.168.1.1; #proxy server ip address
#set_real_ip_from proxy; #proxy container hostname if you are using docker
server_name 192.168.1.4; #Your current server ip address. It will redirect to the domain name.
listen 80;
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:80;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certs/example.com.key;
ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem;
return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}
server {
real_ip_header proxy_protocol;
set_real_ip_from 192.168.1.1; #proxy server ip address
#set_real_ip_from proxy; #proxy container hostname if you are using docker
server_name example.com;
listen *:80;
return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}
server {
real_ip_header proxy_protocol;
set_real_ip_from 192.168.1.1; #proxy server ip address
#set_real_ip_from proxy; #proxy container hostname if you are using docker
server_name www.example.com;
listen 80;
listen 443 http2;
listen [::]:80;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2 ;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certs/example.com.key;
ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem;
return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}
server {
real_ip_header proxy_protocol;
set_real_ip_from 192.168.1.1; #proxy server ip address
#set_real_ip_from proxy; #proxy container hostname if you are using docker
server_name example.com;
listen 443 proxy_protocol ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 proxy_protocol ssl http2;
root /var/www/html;
charset UTF-8;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload';
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers "EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH";
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1 TLSv1;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
keepalive_timeout 70;
ssl_buffer_size 1400;
ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=86400;
resolver_timeout 10;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certs/example.com.key;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/example.com.crt;
location ~* \.(jpg|jpe?g|gif|png|ico|cur|gz|svgz|mp4|ogg|ogv|webm|htc|css|js|otf|eot|svg|ttf|woff|woff2)(\?ver=[0-9.]+)?$ {
expires modified 1M;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin '*';
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
access_log off;
}
location ~ /.well-known { #For issuing LetsEncrypt Certificates
allow all;
}
location / {
index index.php;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
error_page 404 /404.php;
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php7-fpm.sock;
#fastcgi_pass php-container-hostname:9000; (if using docker)
fastcgi_pass_request_headers on;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;
fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
fastcgi_request_buffering on;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location = /robots.txt {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
}
最后，2个nodejs web服务器的示例:
第一个服务器:
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
res.end('Hello From Nodejs\n');
}).listen(8080, "192.168.1.4");
console.log('Server running at http://192.168.1.4:8080/');
第二个服务器:
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
res.end('Hello From Nodejs\n');
}).listen(8080, "192.168.1.5");
console.log('Server running at http://192.168.1.5:8080/');
现在一切都应该完美地工作并且负载平衡了。
前段时间我写了一篇关于如何在Docker中设置Nginx作为TCP负载均衡器的文章。如果您正在使用Docker，请查看它。
