You can store the file anywhere you like. If you want to keep it in your jar file, you'll want to use Class.getResourceAsStream() or ClassLoader.getResourceAsStream() to access it. If it's on the file system it's slightly easier. Any extension is fine, although .properties is more common in my experience Load the file using Properties.load, passing in an InputStream or a StreamReader if you're using Java 6. (If you are using Java 6, I'd probably use UTF-8 and a Reader instead of the default ISO-8859-1 encoding for a stream.) Iterate through it as you'd iterate through a normal Hashtable (which Properties derives from), e.g. using keySet(). Alternatively, you can use the enumeration returned by propertyNames().

默认情况下，Java在应用程序的工作目录中打开它(这种行为实际上取决于所使用的操作系统)。要加载一个文件，请执行:

Properties props = new java.util.Properties();
FileInputStream fis new FileInputStream("myfile.txt");
props.load(fis)

因此，任何文件扩展名都可以用于属性文件。此外，文件也可以存储在任何地方，只要您可以使用FileInputStream。

需要注意的是，如果使用现代框架，该框架可能提供打开属性文件的其他方法。例如，Spring提供了一个ClassPathResource来从JAR文件中使用包名加载属性文件。

至于遍历属性，一旦加载了属性，它们就存储在java.util.Properties对象中，该对象提供了propertyNames()方法。

这里是就绪静态类

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Settings {
    public static String Get(String name,String defVal){
        File configFile = new File(Variables.SETTINGS_FILE);
        try {
            FileReader reader = new FileReader(configFile);
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.load(reader);
            reader.close();
            return props.getProperty(name);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            // file does not exist
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // I/O error
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        } catch (Exception ex){
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        }
    }
    public static Integer Get(String name,Integer defVal){
        File configFile = new File(Variables.SETTINGS_FILE);
        try {
            FileReader reader = new FileReader(configFile);
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.load(reader);
            reader.close();
            return Integer.valueOf(props.getProperty(name));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            // file does not exist
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // I/O error
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        } catch (Exception ex){
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        }
    }
    public static Boolean Get(String name,Boolean defVal){
        File configFile = new File(Variables.SETTINGS_FILE);
        try {
            FileReader reader = new FileReader(configFile);
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.load(reader);
            reader.close();
            return Boolean.valueOf(props.getProperty(name));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            // file does not exist
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // I/O error
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        } catch (Exception ex){
            logger.error(ex);
            return defVal;
        }
    }
    public static void Set(String name, String value){
        File configFile = new File(Variables.SETTINGS_FILE);
        try {
            Properties props = new Properties();
            FileReader reader = new FileReader(configFile);
            props.load(reader);
            props.setProperty(name, value.toString());
            FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(configFile);
            props.store(writer, Variables.SETTINGS_COMMENT);
            writer.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            // file does not exist
            logger.error(ex);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // I/O error
            logger.error(ex);
        } catch (Exception ex){
            logger.error(ex);
        }
    }
    public static void Set(String name, Integer value){
        File configFile = new File(Variables.SETTINGS_FILE);
        try {
            Properties props = new Properties();
            FileReader reader = new FileReader(configFile);
            props.load(reader);
            props.setProperty(name, value.toString());
            FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(configFile);
            props.store(writer,Variables.SETTINGS_COMMENT);
            writer.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            // file does not exist
            logger.error(ex);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // I/O error
            logger.error(ex);
        } catch (Exception ex){
            logger.error(ex);
        }
    }
    public static void Set(String name, Boolean value){
        File configFile = new File(Variables.SETTINGS_FILE);
        try {
            Properties props = new Properties();
            FileReader reader = new FileReader(configFile);
            props.load(reader);
            props.setProperty(name, value.toString());
            FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(configFile);
            props.store(writer,Variables.SETTINGS_COMMENT);
            writer.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            // file does not exist
            logger.error(ex);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // I/O error
            logger.error(ex);
        } catch (Exception ex){
            logger.error(ex);
        }
    }
}

以下示例:

Settings.Set("valueName1","value");
String val1=Settings.Get("valueName1","value");
Settings.Set("valueName2",true);
Boolean val2=Settings.Get("valueName2",true);
Settings.Set("valueName3",100);
Integer val3=Settings.Get("valueName3",100);

有很多方法来创建和读取属性文件:

将文件存储在同一个包中。 推荐.properties扩展名，但你可以选择自己的。 使用java中的这些类。util package =>属性，ListResourceBundle, ResourceBundle类。 要读取属性，请使用properties或java.lang.System类的迭代器或枚举器或直接方法。

ResourceBundle类:

 ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("prop"); // prop.properties
 System.out.println(rb.getString("key"));

属性类:

Properties ps = new Properties();
ps.Load(new java.io.FileInputStream("my.properties"));

我在去年写了关于这个属性框架的文章。 它将提供多种方式来加载属性，并具有强类型。

看看http://sourceforge.net/projects/jhpropertiestyp/

jhpropertiestype将为开发人员提供强类型的属性。 易于在现有项目中集成。 由属性类型的大型系列处理。 提供通过属性IO实现单行初始化属性的能力。 使开发人员能够创建自己的属性类型和属性io。 网页演示也可用，屏幕截图如上所示。 也有一个标准的web前端实现来管理属性，如果你选择使用它。

项目网页上有完整的文档、教程、javadoc、faq等。

下面是遍历属性的另一种方法:

Enumeration eProps = properties.propertyNames();
while (eProps.hasMoreElements()) { 
    String key = (String) eProps.nextElement(); 
    String value = properties.getProperty(key); 
    System.out.println(key + " => " + value); 
}