Kotlin协程(清晰简洁)

AsyncTask真的很笨拙。协程是一个更干净的选择(只需添加几个关键字，你的同步代码就会变成异步的)。

// Step 1: add `suspend` to your fun
suspend fun roomFun(...): Int
suspend fun notRoomFun(...) = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { ... }

// Step 2: launch from coroutine scope
private fun myFun() {
    lifecycleScope.launch { // coroutine on Main
        val queryResult = roomFun(...) // coroutine on IO
        doStuff() // ...back on Main
    }
}

依赖(为arch组件添加协程作用域):

// lifecycleScope:
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.2.0-alpha04'

// viewModelScope:
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.2.0-alpha04'

——更新: 08-5-2019: 2.1房间现在支持暂停 2019年9月13日:更新到使用架构组件范围

你可以使用Future和Callable。所以你不需要写一个很长的asynctask，并且可以在不添加allowMainThreadQueries()的情况下执行你的查询。

我的刀问:-

@Query("SELECT * from user_data_table where SNO = 1")
UserData getDefaultData();

我的存储库方法:-

public UserData getDefaultData() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

    Callable<UserData> callable = new Callable<UserData>() {
        @Override
        public UserData call() throws Exception {
            return userDao.getDefaultData();
        }
    };

    Future<UserData> future = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(callable);

    return future.get();
}

对于所有RxJava或RxAndroid或RxKotlin爱好者

Observable.just(db)
          .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
          .subscribe { db -> // database operation }

一个优雅的RxJava/Kotlin解决方案是使用Completable.fromCallable，它会给你一个不返回值的Observable，但可以在不同的线程上观察和订阅。

public Completable insert(Event event) {
    return Completable.fromCallable(new Callable<Void>() {
        @Override
        public Void call() throws Exception {
            return database.eventDao().insert(event)
        }
    }
}

或者用Kotlin:

fun insert(event: Event) : Completable = Completable.fromCallable {
    database.eventDao().insert(event)
}

你可以像往常一样观察和订阅:

dataManager.insert(event)
    .subscribeOn(scheduler)
    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
    .subscribe(...)

更新:当我试图在DAO中使用@RawQuery和SupportSQLiteQuery构建查询时，我也得到了这条消息。

@Transaction
public LiveData<List<MyEntity>> getList(MySettings mySettings) {
    //return getMyList(); -->this is ok

    return getMyList(new SimpleSQLiteQuery("select * from mytable")); --> this is an error

解决方案:在ViewModel中构建查询并将其传递给DAO。

public MyViewModel(Application application) {
...
        list = Transformations.switchMap(searchParams, params -> {

            StringBuilder sql;
            sql = new StringBuilder("select  ... ");

            return appDatabase.rawDao().getList(new SimpleSQLiteQuery(sql.toString()));

        });
    }

还是……

你不应该直接在主线程上访问数据库，例如:

 public void add(MyEntity item) {
     appDatabase.myDao().add(item); 
 }

您应该使用AsyncTask进行更新、添加和删除操作。

例子:

public class MyViewModel extends AndroidViewModel {

    private LiveData<List<MyEntity>> list;

    private AppDatabase appDatabase;

    public MyViewModel(Application application) {
        super(application);

        appDatabase = AppDatabase.getDatabase(this.getApplication());
        list = appDatabase.myDao().getItems();
    }

    public LiveData<List<MyEntity>> getItems() {
        return list;
    }

    public void delete(Obj item) {
        new deleteAsyncTask(appDatabase).execute(item);
    }

    private static class deleteAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<MyEntity, Void, Void> {

        private AppDatabase db;

        deleteAsyncTask(AppDatabase appDatabase) {
            db = appDatabase;
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(final MyEntity... params) {
            db.myDao().delete((params[0]));
            return null;
        }
    }

    public void add(final MyEntity item) {
        new addAsyncTask(appDatabase).execute(item);
    }

    private static class addAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<MyEntity, Void, Void> {

        private AppDatabase db;

        addAsyncTask(AppDatabase appDatabase) {
            db = appDatabase;
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(final MyEntity... params) {
            db.myDao().add((params[0]));
            return null;
        }

    }
}

如果使用LiveData进行选择操作，则不需要AsyncTask。

在我看来，正确的做法是使用RxJava将查询委托给IO线程。

我有一个我刚刚遇到的等效问题的解决方案的例子。

((ProgressBar) view.findViewById(R.id.progressBar_home)).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);//Always good to set some good feedback
        Completable.fromAction(() -> {
            //Creating view model requires DB access
            homeViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this, factory).get(HomeViewModel.class);
        }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())//The DB access executes on a non-main-thread thread
        .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())//Upon completion of the DB-involved execution, the continuation runs on the main thread
        .subscribe(
                () ->
                {
                    mAdapter = new MyAdapter(homeViewModel.getExams());
                    recyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
                    ((ProgressBar) view.findViewById(R.id.progressBar_home)).setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
                },
                error -> error.printStackTrace()
        );

如果我们想推广解:

((ProgressBar) view.findViewById(R.id.progressBar_home)).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);//Always good to set some good feedback
        Completable.fromAction(() -> {
            someTaskThatTakesTooMuchTime();
        }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())//The long task executes on a non-main-thread thread
        .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())//Upon completion of the DB-involved execution, the continuation runs on the main thread
        .subscribe(
                () ->
                {
                    taskIWantToDoOnTheMainThreadWhenTheLongTaskIsDone();
                },
                error -> error.printStackTrace()
        );