Method_two不能工作，因为你定义了一个成员函数，但没有告诉它这个函数是什么成员。如果你执行最后一行，你会得到:

>>> a_test.method_two()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: method_two() takes no arguments (1 given)

如果你为一个类定义成员函数，第一个参数必须总是'self'。

在Python中，绑定方法和未绑定方法是有区别的。

基本上，调用一个成员函数(比如method_one)，一个绑定函数

a_test.method_one()

被翻译为

Test.method_one(a_test)

例如，调用一个未绑定的方法。正因为如此，调用你的method_two版本将会失败并返回TypeError

>>> a_test = Test() 
>>> a_test.method_two()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: method_two() takes no arguments (1 given) 

您可以使用装饰器更改方法的行为

class Test(object):
    def method_one(self):
        print "Called method_one"

    @staticmethod
    def method_two():
        print "Called method two"

装饰器告诉内置的默认元类类型(类的类，参见这个问题)不要为method_two创建绑定方法。

现在，你可以直接在实例或类上调用静态方法:

>>> a_test = Test()
>>> a_test.method_one()
Called method_one
>>> a_test.method_two()
Called method_two
>>> Test.method_two()
Called method_two

对method_two的调用将抛出一个异常，表示不接受self参数，Python运行时将自动传递给它。

如果你想在Python类中创建一个静态方法，用staticmethod装饰器来装饰它。

Class Test(Object):
  @staticmethod
  def method_two():
    print "Called method_two"

Test.method_two()

绑定方法=实例方法

解绑定方法=静态方法。

The second one won't work because when you call it like that python internally tries to call it with the a_test instance as the first argument, but your method_two doesn't accept any arguments, so it wont work, you'll get a runtime error. If you want the equivalent of a static method you can use a class method. There's much less need for class methods in Python than static methods in languages like Java or C#. Most often the best solution is to use a method in the module, outside a class definition, those work more efficiently than class methods.

>>> class Class(object):
...     def __init__(self):
...         self.i = 0
...     def instance_method(self):
...         self.i += 1
...         print self.i
...     c = 0
...     @classmethod
...     def class_method(cls):
...         cls.c += 1
...         print cls.c
...     @staticmethod
...     def static_method(s):
...         s += 1
...         print s
... 
>>> a = Class()
>>> a.class_method()
1
>>> Class.class_method()    # The class shares this value across instances
2
>>> a.instance_method()
1
>>> Class.instance_method() # The class cannot use an instance method
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unbound method instance_method() must be called with Class instance as first argument (got nothing instead)
>>> Class.instance_method(a)
2
>>> b = 0
>>> a.static_method(b)
1
>>> a.static_method(a.c) # Static method does not have direct access to 
>>>                      # class or instance properties.
3
>>> Class.c        # a.c above was passed by value and not by reference.
2
>>> a.c
2
>>> a.c = 5        # The connection between the instance
>>> Class.c        # and its class is weak as seen here.
2
>>> Class.class_method()
3
>>> a.c
5