我需要用一个查询插入多行(行数不是常量)，所以我需要像这样执行查询:
INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6);
我唯一知道的办法就是
args = [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]
args_str = ','.join(cursor.mogrify("%s", (x, )) for x in args)
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES "+args_str)
但我想要更简单的方法。
当前回答
从@ant32
def myInsertManyTuples(connection, table, tuple_of_tuples):
cursor = connection.cursor()
try:
insert_len = len(tuple_of_tuples[0])
insert_template = "("
for i in range(insert_len):
insert_template += "%s,"
insert_template = insert_template[:-1] + ")"
args_str = ",".join(
cursor.mogrify(insert_template, x).decode("utf-8")
for x in tuple_of_tuples
)
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO " + table + " VALUES " + args_str)
connection.commit()
except psycopg2.Error as e:
print(f"psycopg2.Error in myInsertMany = {e}")
connection.rollback()
其他回答
psycopg2 2.9.3
data = "(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)"
query = "INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES {0}".format(data)
cursor.execute(query)
or
data = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
data = ",".join(map(str, data))
query = "INSERT INTO t (a, b) VALUES {0}".format(data)
cursor.execute(query)
另一种有效的方法是将rows作为1参数传递给insert， 也就是数组的json对象。
例如，你传递的论点:
[ {id: 18, score: 1}, { id: 19, score: 5} ]
它是一个数组，其中可以包含任意数量的对象。 然后你的SQL看起来像这样:
INSERT INTO links (parent_id, child_id, score)
SELECT 123, (r->>'id')::int, (r->>'score')::int
FROM unnest($1::json[]) as r
注意:你的postgress必须足够新，才能支持json
光标。由@ joseph提供的复制解决方案。Sheedy (https://stackoverflow.com/users/958118/joseph-sheedy)以上(https://stackoverflow.com/a/30721460/11100064)确实是闪电般快。
然而，他给出的例子不适用于具有任意数量字段的记录，我花了一些时间才弄清楚如何正确使用它。
IteratorFile需要用制表符分隔的字段实例化，就像这样(r是一个字典列表，其中每个字典都是一条记录):
f = IteratorFile("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}".format(r["id"],
r["type"],
r["item"],
r["month"],
r["revenue"]) for r in records)
为了泛化任意数量的字段，我们将首先创建一个具有正确数量的制表符和字段占位符的行字符串:"{}\t{}\t{}....\t{}"，然后使用.format()为记录中的r填充字段值:*list(r.values())):
line = "\t".join(["{}"] * len(records[0]))
f = IteratorFile(line.format(*list(r.values())) for r in records)
在主旨这里完成功能。
从@ant32
def myInsertManyTuples(connection, table, tuple_of_tuples):
cursor = connection.cursor()
try:
insert_len = len(tuple_of_tuples[0])
insert_template = "("
for i in range(insert_len):
insert_template += "%s,"
insert_template = insert_template[:-1] + ")"
args_str = ",".join(
cursor.mogrify(insert_template, x).decode("utf-8")
for x in tuple_of_tuples
)
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO " + table + " VALUES " + args_str)
connection.commit()
except psycopg2.Error as e:
print(f"psycopg2.Error in myInsertMany = {e}")
connection.rollback()
来自Psycopg2教程页面Postgresql.org的一个片段(见底部):
我想向您展示的最后一项是如何使用字典插入多行。如果你有以下情况:
namedict = ({"first_name":"Joshua", "last_name":"Drake"},
{"first_name":"Steven", "last_name":"Foo"},
{"first_name":"David", "last_name":"Bar"})
你可以很容易地将这三行都插入到字典中:
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.executemany("""INSERT INTO bar(first_name,last_name) VALUES (%(first_name)s, %(last_name)s)""", namedict)
它没有节省多少代码，但它确实看起来更好。
