有几种方法可以做到这一点，让我们来看看一些选项:

class Person {
   id: number | undefined;
   firstName: string | undefined;
   //? mark for note not required attribute.
   lastName?: string;
}

// Option 1: Fill any attribute and it would be accepted.
const person1= { firstName: 'Cassio' } as Person ;
console.log(person1);

// Option 2. All attributes must assign data.
const  person2: Person = { id: 1, firstName: 'Cassio', lastName:'Seffrin' };  
console.log(person2);

//  Option 3. Use partial interface if all attribute not required.
const  person3: Partial<Person> = { firstName: 'Cassio' };  
console.log(person3);

//  Option 4. As lastName is optional it will work
const  person4: Person = { id:2, firstName: 'Cassio'  };
console.log(person4);

//  Option 5. Fill any attribute and it would be accepted.
const person5 = <Person> {firstName: 'Cassio'}; 
console.log(person5 );

结果:

[LOG]: {
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "id": 1,
  "firstName": "Cassio",
  "lastName": "Seffrin"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "id": 2,
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 

如果你有一个接口而不是Typescript类，它也可以工作。

interface PersonInterface {
   id: number;
   firstName: string;
   lastName?: string;
}

播放这个代码

TLDR:一个班轮

// This assumes your constructor method will assign properties from the arg.
.map((instanceData: MyClass) => new MyClass(instanceData));

详细回答

我不推荐Object。赋值方法，因为它会不恰当地用类本身中没有声明的不相关属性(以及定义的闭包)丢弃类实例。

在您试图反序列化的类中，我将确保您想要反序列化的任何属性都已定义(null，空数组等)。通过用初始值定义属性，在尝试迭代要赋值的类成员时暴露了它们的可见性(请参阅下面的反序列化方法)。

export class Person {
  public name: string = null;
  public favoriteSites: string[] = [];

  private age: number = null;
  private id: number = null;
  private active: boolean;

  constructor(instanceData?: Person) {
    if (instanceData) {
      this.deserialize(instanceData);
    }
  }

  private deserialize(instanceData: Person) {
    // Note this.active will not be listed in keys since it's declared, but not defined
    const keys = Object.keys(this);

    for (const key of keys) {
      if (instanceData.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
        this[key] = instanceData[key];
      }
    }
  }
}

在上面的例子中，我简单地创建了一个反序列化方法。在实际示例中，我将它集中在可重用基类或服务方法中。

这里是如何利用这在一些像http响应…

this.http.get(ENDPOINT_URL)
  .map(res => res.json())
  .map((resp: Person) => new Person(resp) ) );

如果tslint/ide抱怨参数类型不兼容，只需使用尖括号<YourClassName>将参数转换为相同的类型，例如:

const person = new Person(<Person> { name: 'John', age: 35, id: 1 });

如果你有特定类型的类成员(又名:另一个类的实例)，那么你可以通过getter/setter方法将它们强制转换为类型化实例。

export class Person {
  private _acct: UserAcct = null;
  private _tasks: Task[] = [];

  // ctor & deserialize methods...

  public get acct(): UserAcct {
    return this.acct;
  }
  public set acct(acctData: UserAcct) {
    this._acct = new UserAcct(acctData);
  }

  public get tasks(): Task[] {
    return this._tasks;
  }

  public set tasks(taskData: Task[]) {
    this._tasks = taskData.map(task => new Task(task));
  }
}

上面的例子将把acct和任务列表反序列化到它们各自的类实例中。

将对象原样传递给类构造函数;没有约定或检查

interface iPerson {
   name: string;
   age: number;
}

class Person {
   constructor(private person: iPerson) { }

   toString(): string {
      return this.person.name + ' is ' + this.person.age;
   }  
}


// runs this as // 
const object1 = { name: 'Watson1', age: 64 };
const object2 = { name: 'Watson2' };            // age is missing

const person1 = new Person(object1);
const person2 = new Person(object2 as iPerson); // now matches constructor

console.log(person1.toString())  // Watson1 is 64
console.log(person2.toString())  // Watson2 is undefined

你不能简单地将Ajax请求的原始JavaScript结果转换为典型的JavaScript/TypeScript类实例。有许多技术可以做到这一点，通常涉及到复制数据。除非创建类的实例，否则它不会有任何方法或属性。它仍然是一个简单的JavaScript对象。

而如果你只处理数据，你可以只做一个转换到一个接口(因为它是一个纯粹的编译时结构)，这将需要你使用一个TypeScript类，它使用数据实例并对该数据执行操作。

一些复制数据的例子:

将AJAX JSON对象复制到现有对象 在JavaScript中将JSON字符串解析为特定对象原型

本质上，你只需要:

var d = new MyRichObject();
d.copyInto(jsonResult);

有几种方法可以做到这一点，让我们来看看一些选项:

class Person {
   id: number | undefined;
   firstName: string | undefined;
   //? mark for note not required attribute.
   lastName?: string;
}

// Option 1: Fill any attribute and it would be accepted.
const person1= { firstName: 'Cassio' } as Person ;
console.log(person1);

// Option 2. All attributes must assign data.
const  person2: Person = { id: 1, firstName: 'Cassio', lastName:'Seffrin' };  
console.log(person2);

//  Option 3. Use partial interface if all attribute not required.
const  person3: Partial<Person> = { firstName: 'Cassio' };  
console.log(person3);

//  Option 4. As lastName is optional it will work
const  person4: Person = { id:2, firstName: 'Cassio'  };
console.log(person4);

//  Option 5. Fill any attribute and it would be accepted.
const person5 = <Person> {firstName: 'Cassio'}; 
console.log(person5 );

结果:

[LOG]: {
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "id": 1,
  "firstName": "Cassio",
  "lastName": "Seffrin"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "id": 2,
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 
[LOG]: {
  "firstName": "Cassio"
} 

如果你有一个接口而不是Typescript类，它也可以工作。

interface PersonInterface {
   id: number;
   firstName: string;
   lastName?: string;
}

播放这个代码

你可以用一个tapi.js! 这是一种轻便的自动装置，可以双向工作。

npm i -D tapi.js

然后你就可以简单地做了

let typedObject = new YourClass().fromJSON(jsonData)

或者用承诺

axios.get(...).as(YourClass).then(typedObject => { ... })

你可以在文档里读到更多。