Android设备有唯一的ID吗？如果有，使用Java访问它的简单方法是什么？
当前回答
以下是我如何生成唯一id：
public static String getDeviceId(Context ctx)
{
TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String tmDevice = tm.getDeviceId();
String androidId = Secure.getString(ctx.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
String serial = null;
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.FROYO) serial = Build.SERIAL;
if(tmDevice != null) return "01" + tmDevice;
if(androidId != null) return "02" + androidId;
if(serial != null) return "03" + serial;
// other alternatives (i.e. Wi-Fi MAC, Bluetooth MAC, etc.)
return null;
}
其他回答
以下代码使用隐藏的Android API返回设备序列号。但是，这个代码在三星Galaxy Tab上不起作用，因为这个设备上没有设置“ro.seriano”。
String serial = null;
try {
Class<?> c = Class.forName("android.os.SystemProperties");
Method get = c.getMethod("get", String.class);
serial = (String) get.invoke(c, "ro.serialno");
}
catch (Exception ignored) {
}
借助以下功能获取设备UUID、型号、品牌名称及其版本号。
在Android 10中完美工作，无需允许读取手机状态权限。
代码段：
private void fetchDeviceInfo() {
String uniquePseudoID = "35" +
Build.BOARD.length() % 10 +
Build.BRAND.length() % 10 +
Build.DEVICE.length() % 10 +
Build.DISPLAY.length() % 10 +
Build.HOST.length() % 10 +
Build.ID.length() % 10 +
Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10 +
Build.MODEL.length() % 10 +
Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10 +
Build.TAGS.length() % 10 +
Build.TYPE.length() % 10 +
Build.USER.length() % 10;
String serial = Build.getRadioVersion();
String uuid=new UUID(uniquePseudoID.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString();
String brand=Build.BRAND;
String modelno=Build.MODEL;
String version=Build.VERSION.RELEASE;
Log.e(TAG, "fetchDeviceInfo: \n "+
"\n uuid is : "+uuid+
"\n brand is: "+brand+
"\n model is: "+modelno+
"\n version is: "+version);
}
调用Above函数并检查上述代码的输出。请在android工作室中查看您的日志猫。如下所示：
只是提醒大家阅读更多最新信息。对于Android O，系统管理这些ID的方式有一些变化。
https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/04/changes-to-device-identifiers-in.html
tl；dr Serial将需要PHONE权限，Android ID将根据不同的应用程序的包名和签名进行更改。
此外，谷歌还编制了一份很好的文档，提供了有关何时使用硬件和软件ID的建议。
https://developer.android.com/training/articles/user-data-ids.html
android.telephony.TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()
这将返回唯一标识设备的任何字符串（GSM上的IMEI，CDMA上的MEID）。
在AndroidManifest.xml中需要以下权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
我的两美分-注意，这是一个设备（错误）唯一ID，而不是Android开发者博客中讨论的安装ID。
值得注意的是，@emmby提供的解决方案在每个应用程序ID中都有所不同，因为SharedPreferences没有跨进程同步（请参阅此处和此处）。所以我完全避免了这一点。
相反，我封装了在枚举中获取（设备）ID的各种策略-更改枚举常量的顺序会影响获取ID的各种方式的优先级。返回第一个非空ID或抛出异常（根据不赋予空含义的良好Java实践）。例如，我先有一个TELEPHONY，但一个好的默认选择是ANDROID_ID贝塔：
import android.Manifest.permission;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.util.Log;
// TODO : hash
public final class DeviceIdentifier {
private DeviceIdentifier() {}
/** @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603 */
private static final String ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG = "The device suffers from "
+ "the Android ID bug - its ID is the emulator ID : "
+ IDs.BUGGY_ANDROID_ID;
private static volatile String uuid; // volatile needed - see EJ item 71
// need lazy initialization to get a context
/**
* Returns a unique identifier for this device. The first (in the order the
* enums constants as defined in the IDs enum) non null identifier is
* returned or a DeviceIDException is thrown. A DeviceIDException is also
* thrown if ignoreBuggyAndroidID is false and the device has the Android ID
* bug
*
* @param ctx
* an Android constant (to retrieve system services)
* @param ignoreBuggyAndroidID
* if false, on a device with the android ID bug, the buggy
* android ID is not returned instead a DeviceIDException is
* thrown
* @return a *device* ID - null is never returned, instead a
* DeviceIDException is thrown
* @throws DeviceIDException
* if none of the enum methods manages to return a device ID
*/
public static String getDeviceIdentifier(Context ctx,
boolean ignoreBuggyAndroidID) throws DeviceIDException {
String result = uuid;
if (result == null) {
synchronized (DeviceIdentifier.class) {
result = uuid;
if (result == null) {
for (IDs id : IDs.values()) {
try {
result = uuid = id.getId(ctx);
} catch (DeviceIDNotUniqueException e) {
if (!ignoreBuggyAndroidID)
throw new DeviceIDException(e);
}
if (result != null) return result;
}
throw new DeviceIDException();
}
}
}
return result;
}
private static enum IDs {
TELEPHONY_ID {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) {
// TODO : add a SIM based mechanism ? tm.getSimSerialNumber();
final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) ctx
.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
if (tm == null) {
w("Telephony Manager not available");
return null;
}
assertPermission(ctx, permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
return tm.getDeviceId();
}
},
ANDROID_ID {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) throws DeviceIDException {
// no permission needed !
final String andoidId = Secure.getString(
ctx.getContentResolver(),
android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
if (BUGGY_ANDROID_ID.equals(andoidId)) {
e(ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG);
throw new DeviceIDNotUniqueException();
}
return andoidId;
}
},
WIFI_MAC {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) {
WifiManager wm = (WifiManager) ctx
.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
if (wm == null) {
w("Wifi Manager not available");
return null;
}
assertPermission(ctx, permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE); // I guess
// getMacAddress() has no java doc !!!
return wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();
}
},
BLUETOOTH_MAC {
@Override
String getId(Context ctx) {
BluetoothAdapter ba = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (ba == null) {
w("Bluetooth Adapter not available");
return null;
}
assertPermission(ctx, permission.BLUETOOTH);
return ba.getAddress();
}
}
// TODO PSEUDO_ID
// http://www.pocketmagic.net/2011/02/android-unique-device-id/
;
static final String BUGGY_ANDROID_ID = "9774d56d682e549c";
private final static String TAG = IDs.class.getSimpleName();
abstract String getId(Context ctx) throws DeviceIDException;
private static void w(String msg) {
Log.w(TAG, msg);
}
private static void e(String msg) {
Log.e(TAG, msg);
}
}
private static void assertPermission(Context ctx, String perm) {
final int checkPermission = ctx.getPackageManager().checkPermission(
perm, ctx.getPackageName());
if (checkPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
throw new SecurityException("Permission " + perm + " is required");
}
}
// =========================================================================
// Exceptions
// =========================================================================
public static class DeviceIDException extends Exception {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8083699995384519417L;
private static final String NO_ANDROID_ID = "Could not retrieve a "
+ "device ID";
public DeviceIDException(Throwable throwable) {
super(NO_ANDROID_ID, throwable);
}
public DeviceIDException(String detailMessage) {
super(detailMessage);
}
public DeviceIDException() {
super(NO_ANDROID_ID);
}
}
public static final class DeviceIDNotUniqueException extends
DeviceIDException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8940090896069484955L;
public DeviceIDNotUniqueException() {
super(ANDROID_ID_BUG_MSG);
}
}
}
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