我见过许多由如下结构组成的程序
typedef struct
{
int i;
char k;
} elem;
elem user;
为什么如此频繁地需要它?有什么具体原因或适用领域吗?
我见过许多由如下结构组成的程序
typedef struct
{
int i;
char k;
} elem;
elem user;
为什么如此频繁地需要它?有什么具体原因或适用领域吗?
当前回答
在'C'编程语言中,关键字'typedef'用于为某些对象(struct, array, function..enum类型)声明一个新名称。例如,我将使用struct-s。 在C语言中,我们经常在main函数之外声明一个struct。例如:
struct complex{ int real_part, img_part }COMPLEX;
main(){
struct KOMPLEKS number; // number type is now a struct type
number.real_part = 3;
number.img_part = -1;
printf("Number: %d.%d i \n",number.real_part, number.img_part);
}
每次我决定使用结构体类型时,我将需要这个关键字'struct 'something' name'。'typedef'将简单地重命名该类型,我可以在我的程序中随时使用这个新名称。所以我们的代码是:
typedef struct complex{int real_part, img_part; }COMPLEX;
//now COMPLEX is the new name for this structure and if I want to use it without
// a keyword like in the first example 'struct complex number'.
main(){
COMPLEX number; // number is now the same type as in the first example
number.real_part = 1;
number.img)part = 5;
printf("%d %d \n", number.real_part, number.img_part);
}
如果你有一些局部对象(结构,数组,有价值的),将在你的整个程序中使用,你可以简单地给它一个名字使用'typedef'。
其他回答
摘自Dan Saks的一篇旧文章(http://www.ddj.com/cpp/184403396?pgno=3):)
The C language rules for naming structs are a little eccentric, but they're pretty harmless. However, when extended to classes in C++, those same rules open little cracks for bugs to crawl through. In C, the name s appearing in struct s { ... }; is a tag. A tag name is not a type name. Given the definition above, declarations such as s x; /* error in C */ s *p; /* error in C */ are errors in C. You must write them as struct s x; /* OK */ struct s *p; /* OK */ The names of unions and enumerations are also tags rather than types. In C, tags are distinct from all other names (for functions, types, variables, and enumeration constants). C compilers maintain tags in a symbol table that's conceptually if not physically separate from the table that holds all other names. Thus, it is possible for a C program to have both a tag and an another name with the same spelling in the same scope. For example, struct s s; is a valid declaration which declares variable s of type struct s. It may not be good practice, but C compilers must accept it. I have never seen a rationale for why C was designed this way. I have always thought it was a mistake, but there it is. Many programmers (including yours truly) prefer to think of struct names as type names, so they define an alias for the tag using a typedef. For example, defining struct s { ... }; typedef struct s S; lets you use S in place of struct s, as in S x; S *p; A program cannot use S as the name of both a type and a variable (or function or enumeration constant): S S; // error This is good. The tag name in a struct, union, or enum definition is optional. Many programmers fold the struct definition into the typedef and dispense with the tag altogether, as in: typedef struct { ... } S;
这篇链接的文章还讨论了不需要类型定义的c++行为是如何导致微妙的名称隐藏问题的。为了防止这些问题,在c++中对类和结构进行类型定义也是一个好主意,尽管乍一看似乎没有必要。在c++中,有了类型定义,隐藏的名称就变成了编译器告诉你的错误,而不是潜在问题的隐藏来源。
您(可选地)给结构的名称称为标记名称,正如前面所指出的,它本身并不是一个类型。要获得该类型,需要使用结构体前缀。
除了GTK+,我不确定tagname是否像struct类型的typedef一样常用,所以在c++中,这是可以识别的,你可以省略struct关键字,并使用tagname作为类型名:
struct MyStruct
{
int i;
};
// The following is legal in C++:
MyStruct obj;
obj.i = 7;
在'C'编程语言中,关键字'typedef'用于为某些对象(struct, array, function..enum类型)声明一个新名称。例如,我将使用struct-s。 在C语言中,我们经常在main函数之外声明一个struct。例如:
struct complex{ int real_part, img_part }COMPLEX;
main(){
struct KOMPLEKS number; // number type is now a struct type
number.real_part = 3;
number.img_part = -1;
printf("Number: %d.%d i \n",number.real_part, number.img_part);
}
每次我决定使用结构体类型时,我将需要这个关键字'struct 'something' name'。'typedef'将简单地重命名该类型,我可以在我的程序中随时使用这个新名称。所以我们的代码是:
typedef struct complex{int real_part, img_part; }COMPLEX;
//now COMPLEX is the new name for this structure and if I want to use it without
// a keyword like in the first example 'struct complex number'.
main(){
COMPLEX number; // number is now the same type as in the first example
number.real_part = 1;
number.img)part = 5;
printf("%d %d \n", number.real_part, number.img_part);
}
如果你有一些局部对象(结构,数组,有价值的),将在你的整个程序中使用,你可以简单地给它一个名字使用'typedef'。
一个> typdef允许为数据类型创建更有意义的同义词,从而帮助定义程序的含义和文档化。此外,它们还有助于参数化程序以解决可移植性问题(K&R, pg147, C prog lang)。
B > 结构定义了一种类型。Structs允许方便地将变量集合分组,以便将(K&R, pg127, C prog lang.)作为单个单元处理
C > 结构的类型定义在上面的a中有解释。
对我来说,struct是自定义类型、容器、集合、命名空间或复杂类型,而typdef只是一种创建更多昵称的方法。
我认为typedef甚至不可能实现前向声明。使用struct, enum和union允许在依赖关系(知道)是双向的情况下转发声明。
风格: 在c++中使用typedef是很有意义的。在处理需要多个和/或变量参数的模板时,它几乎是必要的。typedef有助于保持命名的直直性。
在C编程语言中并非如此。typedef的使用通常没有任何目的,只会混淆数据结构的使用。由于只有{struct (6), enum (4), union(5)}个按键被用于声明一个数据类型,因此结构的别名几乎没有任何用处。数据类型是联合还是结构?使用简单的非类型定义声明可以让您立即知道它是什么类型。
请注意Linux是如何在编写时严格避免typedef带来的这种无意义的别名的。结果是一个极简主义和干净的风格。