是否有一种方法可以使用Java SE API在Java中创建一个非常基本的HTTP服务器(只支持GET/POST),而不需要编写代码手动解析HTTP请求和手动格式化HTTP响应?Java SE API在HttpURLConnection中很好地封装了HTTP客户机功能,但是是否有类似的HTTP服务器功能呢?
需要明确的是,我在网上看到的许多ServerSocket示例的问题是,它们自己进行请求解析/响应格式化和错误处理,这很乏味,容易出错,而且不太全面,出于这些原因,我试图避免使用它。
是否有一种方法可以使用Java SE API在Java中创建一个非常基本的HTTP服务器(只支持GET/POST),而不需要编写代码手动解析HTTP请求和手动格式化HTTP响应?Java SE API在HttpURLConnection中很好地封装了HTTP客户机功能,但是是否有类似的HTTP服务器功能呢?
需要明确的是,我在网上看到的许多ServerSocket示例的问题是,它们自己进行请求解析/响应格式化和错误处理,这很乏味,容易出错,而且不太全面,出于这些原因,我试图避免使用它。
当前回答
试试这个https://github.com/devashish234073/Java-Socket-Http-Server/blob/master/README.md
这个API使用套接字创建了一个HTTP服务器。
它以文本的形式从浏览器获取请求 解析它来检索URL信息、方法、属性等。 使用定义的URL映射创建动态响应 将响应发送到浏览器。
例如,下面是response .java类中的构造函数如何将原始响应转换为http响应:
public Response(String resp){
Date date = new Date();
String start = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
String header = "Date: "+date.toString()+"\r\n";
header+= "Content-Type: text/html\r\n";
header+= "Content-length: "+resp.length()+"\r\n";
header+="\r\n";
this.resp=start+header+resp;
}
其他回答
只需几行代码就可以创建一个仅使用JDK和servlet api提供J2EE servlet基本支持的httpserver。
我发现这对于单元测试servlet非常有用,因为它启动速度比其他轻量级容器快得多(我们在生产中使用jetty)。
大多数非常轻量级的httpserver都不支持servlet,但是我们需要它们,所以我想分享一下。
下面的示例提供了基本的servlet支持,或者为尚未实现的内容抛出和UnsupportedOperationException异常。它使用com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer来提供基本的http支持。
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpHandler;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public class VerySimpleServletHttpServer {
HttpServer server;
private String contextPath;
private HttpHandler httpHandler;
public VerySimpleServletHttpServer(String contextPath, HttpServlet servlet) {
this.contextPath = contextPath;
httpHandler = new HttpHandlerWithServletSupport(servlet);
}
public void start(int port) throws IOException {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(port);
server = HttpServer.create(inetSocketAddress, 0);
server.createContext(contextPath, httpHandler);
server.setExecutor(null);
server.start();
}
public void stop(int secondsDelay) {
server.stop(secondsDelay);
}
public int getServerPort() {
return server.getAddress().getPort();
}
}
final class HttpHandlerWithServletSupport implements HttpHandler {
private HttpServlet servlet;
private final class RequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private final HttpExchange ex;
private final Map<String, String[]> postData;
private final ServletInputStream is;
private final Map<String, Object> attributes = new HashMap<>();
private RequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, HttpExchange ex, Map<String, String[]> postData, ServletInputStream is) {
super(request);
this.ex = ex;
this.postData = postData;
this.is = is;
}
@Override
public String getHeader(String name) {
return ex.getRequestHeaders().getFirst(name);
}
@Override
public Enumeration<String> getHeaders(String name) {
return new Vector<String>(ex.getRequestHeaders().get(name)).elements();
}
@Override
public Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames() {
return new Vector<String>(ex.getRequestHeaders().keySet()).elements();
}
@Override
public Object getAttribute(String name) {
return attributes.get(name);
}
@Override
public void setAttribute(String name, Object o) {
this.attributes.put(name, o);
}
@Override
public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames() {
return new Vector<String>(attributes.keySet()).elements();
}
@Override
public String getMethod() {
return ex.getRequestMethod();
}
@Override
public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
return is;
}
@Override
public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));
}
@Override
public String getPathInfo() {
return ex.getRequestURI().getPath();
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
String[] arr = postData.get(name);
return arr != null ? (arr.length > 1 ? Arrays.toString(arr) : arr[0]) : null;
}
@Override
public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
return postData;
}
@Override
public Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() {
return new Vector<String>(postData.keySet()).elements();
}
}
private final class ResponseWrapper extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {
final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
final ServletOutputStream servletOutputStream = new ServletOutputStream() {
@Override
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
outputStream.write(b);
}
};
private final HttpExchange ex;
private final PrintWriter printWriter;
private int status = HttpServletResponse.SC_OK;
private ResponseWrapper(HttpServletResponse response, HttpExchange ex) {
super(response);
this.ex = ex;
printWriter = new PrintWriter(servletOutputStream);
}
@Override
public void setContentType(String type) {
ex.getResponseHeaders().add("Content-Type", type);
}
@Override
public void setHeader(String name, String value) {
ex.getResponseHeaders().add(name, value);
}
@Override
public javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
return servletOutputStream;
}
@Override
public void setContentLength(int len) {
ex.getResponseHeaders().add("Content-Length", len + "");
}
@Override
public void setStatus(int status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Override
public void sendError(int sc, String msg) throws IOException {
this.status = sc;
if (msg != null) {
printWriter.write(msg);
}
}
@Override
public void sendError(int sc) throws IOException {
sendError(sc, null);
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
return printWriter;
}
public void complete() throws IOException {
try {
printWriter.flush();
ex.sendResponseHeaders(status, outputStream.size());
if (outputStream.size() > 0) {
ex.getResponseBody().write(outputStream.toByteArray());
}
ex.getResponseBody().flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
ex.close();
}
}
}
public HttpHandlerWithServletSupport(HttpServlet servlet) {
this.servlet = servlet;
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Override
public void handle(final HttpExchange ex) throws IOException {
byte[] inBytes = getBytes(ex.getRequestBody());
ex.getRequestBody().close();
final ByteArrayInputStream newInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(inBytes);
final ServletInputStream is = new ServletInputStream() {
@Override
public int read() throws IOException {
return newInput.read();
}
};
Map<String, String[]> parsePostData = new HashMap<>();
try {
parsePostData.putAll(HttpUtils.parseQueryString(ex.getRequestURI().getQuery()));
// check if any postdata to parse
parsePostData.putAll(HttpUtils.parsePostData(inBytes.length, is));
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// no postData - just reset inputstream
newInput.reset();
}
final Map<String, String[]> postData = parsePostData;
RequestWrapper req = new RequestWrapper(createUnimplementAdapter(HttpServletRequest.class), ex, postData, is);
ResponseWrapper resp = new ResponseWrapper(createUnimplementAdapter(HttpServletResponse.class), ex);
try {
servlet.service(req, resp);
resp.complete();
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
private static byte[] getBytes(InputStream in) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while (true) {
int r = in.read(buffer);
if (r == -1)
break;
out.write(buffer, 0, r);
}
return out.toByteArray();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static <T> T createUnimplementAdapter(Class<T> httpServletApi) {
class UnimplementedHandler implements InvocationHandler {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented: " + method + ", args=" + Arrays.toString(args));
}
}
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(UnimplementedHandler.class.getClassLoader(),
new Class<?>[] { httpServletApi },
new UnimplementedHandler());
}
}
httpserver解决方案不能跨jre移植。最好使用javax.xml.ws中的官方webservices API来引导一个最小的HTTP服务器…
import java.io._
import javax.xml.ws._
import javax.xml.ws.http._
import javax.xml.transform._
import javax.xml.transform.stream._
@WebServiceProvider
@ServiceMode(value=Service.Mode.PAYLOAD)
class P extends Provider[Source] {
def invoke(source: Source) = new StreamSource( new StringReader("<p>Hello There!</p>"));
}
val address = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/"
Endpoint.create(HTTPBinding.HTTP_BINDING, new P()).publish(address)
println("Service running at "+address)
println("Type [CTRL]+[C] to quit!")
Thread.sleep(Long.MaxValue)
编辑:这实际上是工作!上面的代码看起来像Groovy之类的。以下是我测试的Java翻译:
import java.io.*;
import javax.xml.ws.*;
import javax.xml.ws.http.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
@WebServiceProvider
@ServiceMode(value = Service.Mode.PAYLOAD)
public class Server implements Provider<Source> {
public Source invoke(Source request) {
return new StreamSource(new StringReader("<p>Hello There!</p>"));
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
String address = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/";
Endpoint.create(HTTPBinding.HTTP_BINDING, new Server()).publish(address);
System.out.println("Service running at " + address);
System.out.println("Type [CTRL]+[C] to quit!");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
这个代码比我们的代码更好,你只需要添加2个库:javax. servlet .jar和org.mortbay.jetty.jar。
类码头:
package jetty;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import org.mortbay.http.SocketListener;
import org.mortbay.jetty.Server;
import org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHttpContext;
public class Jetty {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Server server = new Server();
SocketListener listener = new SocketListener();
System.out.println("Max Thread :" + listener.getMaxThreads() + " Min Thread :" + listener.getMinThreads());
listener.setHost("localhost");
listener.setPort(8070);
listener.setMinThreads(5);
listener.setMaxThreads(250);
server.addListener(listener);
ServletHttpContext context = (ServletHttpContext) server.getContext("/");
context.addServlet("/MO", "jetty.HelloWorldServlet");
server.start();
server.join();
/*//We will create our server running at http://localhost:8070
Server server = new Server();
server.addListener(":8070");
//We will deploy our servlet to the server at the path '/'
//it will be available at http://localhost:8070
ServletHttpContext context = (ServletHttpContext) server.getContext("/");
context.addServlet("/MO", "jetty.HelloWorldServlet");
server.start();
*/
} catch (Exception ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Jetty.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
}
Servlet类:
package jetty;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet
{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException
{
String appid = httpServletRequest.getParameter("appid");
String conta = httpServletRequest.getParameter("conta");
System.out.println("Appid : "+appid);
System.out.println("Conta : "+conta);
httpServletResponse.setContentType("text/plain");
PrintWriter out = httpServletResponse.getWriter();
out.println("Hello World!");
out.close();
}
}
我喜欢这个问题,因为这是一个不断创新的领域,总是需要有一个轻型服务器,特别是当谈到小型设备中的嵌入式服务器时。我认为答案可以分为两大类。
瘦服务器:使用最少处理、上下文或会话处理的服务器式静态内容。 小型服务器:从表面上看,a具有许多类似httpd的服务器特性,并且占用的空间尽可能小。
虽然我可能会认为HTTP库,如:Jetty, Apache HTTP Components, Netty和其他更像一个原始的HTTP处理工具。标签是非常主观的,取决于你被要求为小网站提供的东西的种类。我是根据问题的精神,特别是关于……
"...无需编写代码手动解析HTTP请求和手动格式化HTTP响应……”
These raw tools let you do that (as described in other answers). They don't really lend themselves to a ready-set-go style of making a light, embedded or mini-server. A mini-server is something that can give you similar functionality to a full-function web server (like say, Tomcat) without bells and whistles, low volume, good performance 99% of the time. A thin-server seems closer to the original phrasing just a bit more than raw perhaps with a limited subset functionality, enough to make you look good 90% of the time. My idea of raw would be makes me look good 75% - 89% of the time without extra design and coding. I think if/when you reach the level of WAR files, we've left the "small" for bonsi servers that looks like everything a big server does smaller.
瘦服务器选项
灰熊 UniRest(多语言) NanoHTTPD(只有一个文件)
Mini-server选项:
Spark Java…有了很多帮助器结构,比如过滤器、模板等,就有可能做得很好。 MadVoc……目标是成为盆景,而且很可能是这样;-)
Among the other things to consider, I'd include authentication, validation, internationalisation, using something like FreeMaker or other template tool to render page output. Otherwise managing HTML editing and parameterisation is likely to make working with HTTP look like noughts-n-crosses. Naturally it all depends on how flexible you need to be. If it's a menu-driven FAX machine it can be very simple. The more interactions, the 'thicker' your framework needs to be. Good question, good luck!
您可以编写一个非常简单的嵌入式Jetty Java服务器。
嵌入式Jetty意味着服务器(Jetty)与应用程序一起发布,而不是将应用程序部署在外部Jetty服务器上。
因此,如果在非嵌入式方法中,你的webapp内置到WAR文件中,并部署到一些外部服务器(Tomcat / Jetty / etc),在嵌入式Jetty中,你在相同的代码库中编写webapp并实例化Jetty服务器。
一个嵌入式Jetty Java服务器的例子,你可以git克隆和使用:https://github.com/stas-slu/embedded-jetty-java-server-example