Spring允许您做两件事:

自动装配bean 自动发现bean

1. Autowiring Usually in applicationContext.xml you define beans and other beans are wired using constructor or setter methods. You can wire beans using XML or annotations. In case you use annotations, you need to activate annotations and you have to add <context:annotation-config /> in applicationContext.xml. This will simplify the structure of the tag from applicationContext.xml, because you will not have to manually wire beans (constructor or setter). You can use @Autowire annotation and the beans will be wired by type.

避免手动XML配置的一个步骤是

2. Autodiscovery Autodiscovery is simplifying the XML one step further, in the sense that you don't even need too add the <bean> tag in applicationContext.xml. You just mark the specific beans with one of the following annotation and Spring will automatically wire the marked beans and their dependencies into the Spring container. The annotations are as follow: @Controller, @Service, @Component, @Repository. By using <context:component-scan> and pointing the base package, Spring will auto-discover and wire the components into Spring container.

作为结论:

<context:annotation-config />被使用是为了能够使用 @ autowired注解 <context:component-scan />用于确定搜索 特定的bean和自动装配的尝试。

<context:component-scan/>自定义标记除了主要负责扫描java包和从类路径注册bean定义外，还注册了与by所做的相同的bean定义集。

如果出于某种原因要避免这种默认bean定义的注册，方法是在component-scan中指定一个额外的“annotation-config”属性，如下所示:

<context:component-scan basePackages="" annotation-config="false"/>

参考: http://www.java-allandsundry.com/2012/12/contextcomponent-scan-contextannotation.html

<context:annotation-config>

只解决@Autowired和@Qualifer注释，这就是所有的，它关于依赖注入，还有其他注释做同样的工作，我认为如何@Inject，但都是关于通过注释解决DI。

注意，即使声明了<context:annotation-config>元素，也必须声明类是Bean，记住我们有三个可用选项

XML: <憨豆先生> @注解:@组件，@服务，@存储库，@控制器 JavaConfig: @Configuration， @Bean

现在有了

<context:component-scan>

它做了两件事:

它扫描带有注释的所有类 @组件、@服务、@存储库、@控制器和@配置并创建一个Bean 它与<context:annotation-config>所做的工作相同。

因此，如果你声明<context:component-scan>，就没有必要再声明<context:annotation-config>了。

Thats所有

例如，一个常见的场景是仅通过XML声明bean，并通过注释解析DI

<bean id="serviceBeanA" class="com.something.CarServiceImpl" />
<bean id="serviceBeanB" class="com.something.PersonServiceImpl" />
<bean id="repositoryBeanA" class="com.something.CarRepository" />
<bean id="repositoryBeanB" class="com.something.PersonRepository" />

我们只声明了bean，没有关于<constructor-arg>和<property>， DI是通过@Autowired在它们自己的类中配置的。这意味着服务对它们的存储库组件使用@Autowired，而存储库对JdbcTemplate、DataSource等组件使用@Autowired

您可以在spring上下文模式文件中找到更多信息。 以下内容来自spring-context-4.3.xsd

<conxtext:annotation-config />

Activates various annotations to be detected in bean classes: Spring's @Required and
@Autowired, as well as JSR 250's @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy and @Resource (if available),
JAX-WS's @WebServiceRef (if available), EJB 3's @EJB (if available), and JPA's
@PersistenceContext and @PersistenceUnit (if available). Alternatively, you may
choose to activate the individual BeanPostProcessors for those annotations.

Note: This tag does not activate processing of Spring's @Transactional or EJB 3's
@TransactionAttribute annotation. Consider the use of the <tx:annotation-driven>
tag for that purpose.

<context:component-scan>

Scans the classpath for annotated components that will be auto-registered as
Spring beans. By default, the Spring-provided @Component, @Repository, @Service, @Controller, @RestController, @ControllerAdvice, and @Configuration stereotypes    will be detected.

Note: This tag implies the effects of the 'annotation-config' tag, activating @Required,
@Autowired, @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy, @Resource, @PersistenceContext and @PersistenceUnit
annotations in the component classes, which is usually desired for autodetected components
(without external configuration). Turn off the 'annotation-config' attribute to deactivate
this default behavior, for example in order to use custom BeanPostProcessor definitions
for handling those annotations.

Note: You may use placeholders in package paths, but only resolved against system
properties (analogous to resource paths). A component scan results in new bean definitions
being registered; Spring's PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer will apply to those bean
definitions just like to regular bean definitions, but it won't apply to the component
scan settings themselves.

作为补充，您可以使用@ComponentScan以注释的方式使用<context:component-scan>。

在spring.io中也有描述

配置使用with的组件扫描指令 @ configuration类。提供与Spring XML并行的支持 元素。

需要注意的一点是，如果您正在使用SpringBoot， @Configuration和@ComponentScan可以通过使用@SpringBootApplication注释来暗示。

<context:annotation-config/> <!-- is used to activate the annotation for beans -->
<context:component-scan base-package="x.y.MyClass" /> <!-- is for the Spring IOC container to look for the beans in the base package. -->

要注意的另一个重要点是context:component-scan隐式调用context:annotation-config来激活bean上的注释。如果你不想让context:component-scan隐式地为你激活注释，你可以继续将context:component-scan的annotation-config元素设置为false。

总结:

<context:annotation-config/> <!-- activates the annotations --> 
<context:component-scan base-package="x.y.MyClass" /> <!-- activates the annotations + register the beans by looking inside the base-package -->