为这个问题提供的解决方案都适用于23及以下的targetSdkVersion。然而，对于Android N，即API级别24及以上，它们不能工作并崩溃如下异常:

android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/... exposed beyond app through Intent.getData()

这是因为从Android 24开始，用于寻址下载文件的Uri已经改变。例如，一个名为appName.apk的安装文件存储在应用程序的主要外部文件系统上，包名为com.example.test

file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.example.test/files/appName.apk

适用于API 23及以下，而类似的

content://com.example.test.authorityStr/pathName/Android/data/com.example.test/files/appName.apk

适用于API 24或以上。

关于这方面的更多细节可以在这里找到，我不打算详细介绍。

要回答24及以上版本的targetSdkVersion的问题，必须遵循以下步骤: 将以下内容添加到AndroidManifest.xml:

<application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:label="@string/app_name">
        <provider
            android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="${applicationId}.authorityStr"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/paths"/>
        </provider>
</application>

2. 将下面的paths.xml文件添加到src, main中的res的xml文件夹中:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path
        name="pathName"
        path="pathValue"/>
</paths>

pathName是上面示例内容uri示例中显示的，pathValue是系统上的实际路径。 放个"。"是个好主意如果您不想添加任何额外的子目录，则为上面的pathValue(不带引号)。

Write the following code to install the apk with the name appName.apk on the primary external filesystem: File directory = context.getExternalFilesDir(null); File file = new File(directory, fileName); Uri fileUri = Uri.fromFile(file); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) { fileUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, context.getPackageName(), file); } Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, fileUri); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_NOT_UNKNOWN_SOURCE, true); intent.setDataAndType(fileUri, "application/vnd.android" + ".package-archive"); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); context.startActivity(intent); activity.finish();

在外部文件系统上写入自己应用程序的私有目录时，也不需要任何权限。

我在这里写了一个AutoUpdate库，我使用了上面的方法。

UpdateNode provides an API for Android to install APK packages from inside another App. You can just define your Update online and integrate the API into your App - that's it. Currently the API is in Beta state, but you can already do some tests yourself. Beside that, UpdateNode offers also displaying messages though the system - pretty useful if you want to tell something important to your users. I am part of the client dev team and am using at least the message functionality for my own Android App.

这里介绍了如何集成API

只是一个扩展，如果有人需要一个库，那么这可能会有所帮助。感谢Raghav

基于@ uroovic podkrinik的回答。

通过APK安装应用程序对于不同版本的android可能有所不同(API级别21-30):

private var uri: Uri? = null
private var manager: DownloadManager? = null
private var file: File? = null
private var request: DownloadManager.Request? = null

private val REQUEST_WRITE_PERMISSION = 786
private val REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGE = 1234

private var receiver: BroadcastReceiver? = null
private var installIntent: Intent? = null

...
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    val externalStorageDir = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
        context?.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS)
    } else {
        @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
        Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS)
    }
    val destination = "$externalStorageDir/Application.apk"
    uri = Uri.parse("file://$destination")

    file = File(destination)
    file?.let { if (it.exists()) it.delete() }
    
    request = DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse("https://path_to_file/application.apk"))
    request?.let {
        it.setDescription("Update App")
        it.setTitle("Application")
        it.setDestinationUri(uri)
    }
    manager = context?.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE) as DownloadManager

    // for level android api >= 23 needs permission to write to external storage
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context!!, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            // here you can display the loading diagram
            registerReceiver()
        } else {
            // request for permission to write to external storage
            requestPermissions(
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE),
                REQUEST_WRITE_PERMISSION
            )
        }
    } else {
        // here you can display the loading diagram
        registerReceiver()
    }
}

创建并注册接收者:

private val onDownloadComplete = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
    // install app when apk is loaded
    override fun onReceive(ctxt: Context, intent: Intent) {
        val mimeType = "application/vnd.android.package-archive"
        receiver = this
        try {
            installIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)
            installIntent?.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP

            // for android api >= 24 requires FileProvider
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
                installIntent?.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION)

                val fileProviderURI = FileProvider.getUriForFile(
                    context!!,
                    context!!.applicationContext.packageName + ".provider",
                    file!!)

                installIntent?.setDataAndType(fileProviderURI, mimeType)

                // for android api >= 26 requires permission to install from APK in settings
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
                    if (context!!.applicationContext.packageManager.canRequestPackageInstalls()) {
                        installFromAPK()
                    } else goToSecuritySettings()
                } else installFromAPK()
            } else {
                // for android api < 24 used file:// instead content://
                // (no need to use FileProvider)
                installIntent?.setDataAndType(uri, mimeType)
                installFromAPK()
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            // view error message
        }
    }
}

private fun registerReceiver() {
    manager!!.enqueue(request)
    context?.registerReceiver(
        onDownloadComplete,
        IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)
    )
}

private fun installFromAPK() {
    try {
        startActivity(installIntent)
        context?.unregisterReceiver(receiver)
        activity?.finish()
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // view error message
    }
}

// go to settings for get permission install from APK
private fun goToSecuritySettings() {
    val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_UNKNOWN_APP_SOURCES).setData(
        Uri.parse(String.format(
            "package:%s",
            context!!.applicationContext.packageName
        ))
    )
    try {
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGE)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        // view error message
    }
}

拦截权限请求WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE的结果:

override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(
        requestCode: Int,
        permissions: Array<String>,
        grantResults: IntArray
) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_WRITE_PERMISSION
            && grantResults.isNotEmpty()
            && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        try {
            // here you can display the loading diagram
            registerReceiver()
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            // view error message
        }
    }
}

在安全设置中拦截用户选择的结果:

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGE
            && resultCode == AppCompatActivity.RESULT_OK) {
        if (context!!.applicationContext.packageManager.canRequestPackageInstalls()) {
            installFromAPK()
        }
    } else {
        // view error message
    }
}

添加到您的清单:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES"/>
<application...>
    ...
    <provider
        android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
        android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider"
        android:exported="false"
        android:grantUriPermissions="true">
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/provider_paths" />
    </provider>
    ...
</application>

将provider_paths.xml文件添加到res/xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
    <external-path name="external_files" path="."/>
</paths>

对于android API级别= 30，从安全设置返回不工作， 所以使用浏览器安装:

try {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)
    intent.data = Uri.parse("https://path_to_file/application.apk")
    startActivity(intent)
    activity?.finish()
} catch (e: ActivityNotFoundException) { }

试试这个 -在舱单上填写:

uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES"
        tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions"

编写代码:

File sdCard = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
String fileStr = sdCard.getAbsolutePath() + "/Download";// + "app-release.apk";
File file = new File(fileStr, "app-release.apk");
Intent promptInstall = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW).setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file),
                        "application/vnd.android.package-archive");

startActivity(promptInstall);

首先在AndroidManifest.xml中添加以下行:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES"
    tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" />

然后使用以下代码安装apk:

File sdCard = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
            String fileStr = sdCard.getAbsolutePath() + "/MyApp";// + "app-release.apk";
            File file = new File(fileStr, "TaghvimShamsi.apk");
            Intent promptInstall = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW).setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file),
                    "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
            startActivity(promptInstall);