我希望这能帮助到一些人。

STUFF ( character_expression , start , length ,character_expression )

select stuff(@str, 1, 0, replicate('0', @n - len(@str)))

select right(replicate(@padchar, @len) + @str, @len)

我喜欢vnRocks的解决方案，这里是一个udf的形式

create function PadLeft(
      @String varchar(8000)
     ,@NumChars int
     ,@PadChar char(1) = ' ')
returns varchar(8000)
as
begin
    return stuff(@String, 1, 0, replicate(@PadChar, @NumChars - len(@String)))
end

这是我的解决方案。我可以填充任何字符，它是快速的。选择简单。您可以更改可变大小以满足您的需要。

更新了一个参数来处理如果为空返回什么:null如果为空将返回null

CREATE OR ALTER FUNCTION code.fnConvert_PadLeft(
    @in_str nvarchar(1024),
    @pad_length int, 
    @pad_char nchar(1) = ' ', 
    @rtn_null NVARCHAR(1024) = '')
RETURNS NVARCHAR(1024)
AS
BEGIN
     DECLARE @rtn  NCHAR(1024) = ' '
     RETURN RIGHT(REPLACE(@rtn,' ',@pad_char)+ISNULL(@in_str,@rtn_null), @pad_length)
END
GO

CREATE OR ALTER FUNCTION code.fnConvert_PadRight(
    @in_str nvarchar(1024), 
    @pad_length int, 
    @pad_char nchar(1) = ' ', 
    @rtn_null NVARCHAR(1024) = '')
RETURNS NVARCHAR(1024)
AS
BEGIN
     DECLARE @rtn  NCHAR(1024) = ' '
     RETURN LEFT(ISNULL(@in_str,@rtn_null)+REPLACE(@rtn,' ',@pad_char), @pad_length)
END
GO 

-- Example
SET STATISTICS time ON 
SELECT code.fnConvert_PadLeft('88',10,'0',''), 
    code.fnConvert_PadLeft(null,10,'0',''), 
    code.fnConvert_PadLeft(null,10,'0',null), 
    code.fnConvert_PadRight('88',10,'0',''), 
    code.fnConvert_PadRight(null,10,'0',''),
    code.fnConvert_PadRight(null,10,'0',NULL)


0000000088  0000000000  NULL    8800000000  0000000000  NULL

我知道这在这一点上没有增加太多的对话，但我正在运行一个文件生成程序，它的速度非常慢。我一直在使用复制，看到了这种修剪方法，并认为我应该给它一个机会。

在我的代码中，你可以看到在这两个变量之间的切换是除了新的@padding变量(以及现在存在的限制)。我在两种状态下用函数运行我的过程，在执行时间内得到了相同的结果。因此，至少在SQLServer2016中，我没有看到其他发现的效率有任何差异。

无论如何，这是我的UDF，我写了几年前加上今天的变化，这是非常相同的，因为它有一个左/右参数选项和一些错误检查。

CREATE FUNCTION PadStringTrim 
(
    @inputStr varchar(500), 
    @finalLength int, 
    @padChar varchar (1),
    @padSide varchar(1)
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(500)

AS BEGIN
    -- the point of this function is to avoid using replicate which is extremely slow in SQL Server
    -- to get away from this though we now have a limitation of how much padding we can add, so I've settled on a hundred character pad 
    DECLARE @padding VARCHAR (100) = 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX'
    SET @padding = REPLACE(@padding, 'X', @padChar)


    SET @inputStr = RTRIM(LTRIM(@inputStr))

    IF LEN(@inputStr) > @finalLength 
        RETURN '!ERROR!' -- can search for ! in the returned text 

    ELSE IF(@finalLength > LEN(@inputStr))
        IF @padSide = 'L'
            SET @inputStr = RIGHT(@padding + @inputStr, @finalLength)
            --SET @inputStr = REPLICATE(@padChar, @finalLength - LEN(@inputStr)) + @inputStr
        ELSE IF @padSide = 'R'
            SET @inputStr = LEFT(@inputStr + @padding, @finalLength)
            --SET @inputStr = @inputStr + REPLICATE(@padChar, @finalLength - LEN(@inputStr)) 



    -- if LEN(@inputStr) = @finalLength we just return it 
    RETURN @inputStr;
END

-- SELECT  dbo.PadStringTrim( tblAccounts.account, 20, '~' , 'R' ) from tblAccounts
-- SELECT  dbo.PadStringTrim( tblAccounts.account, 20, '~' , 'L' ) from tblAccounts

下面是我的解决方案，它避免了截断字符串并使用普通的SQL。感谢@AlexCuse， @Kevin和@Sklivvz，他们的解决方案是这段代码的基础。

 --[@charToPadStringWith] is the character you want to pad the string with.
declare @charToPadStringWith char(1) = 'X';

-- Generate a table of values to test with.
declare @stringValues table (RowId int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, StringValue varchar(max) NULL);
insert into @stringValues (StringValue) values (null), (''), ('_'), ('A'), ('ABCDE'), ('1234567890');

-- Generate a table to store testing results in.
declare @testingResults table (RowId int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, StringValue varchar(max) NULL, PaddedStringValue varchar(max) NULL);

-- Get the length of the longest string, then pad all strings based on that length.
declare @maxLengthOfPaddedString int = (select MAX(LEN(StringValue)) from @stringValues);
declare @longestStringValue varchar(max) = (select top(1) StringValue from @stringValues where LEN(StringValue) = @maxLengthOfPaddedString);
select [@longestStringValue]=@longestStringValue, [@maxLengthOfPaddedString]=@maxLengthOfPaddedString;

-- Loop through each of the test string values, apply padding to it, and store the results in [@testingResults].
while (1=1)
begin
    declare
        @stringValueRowId int,
        @stringValue varchar(max);

    -- Get the next row in the [@stringLengths] table.
    select top(1) @stringValueRowId = RowId, @stringValue = StringValue
    from @stringValues 
    where RowId > isnull(@stringValueRowId, 0) 
    order by RowId;

    if (@@ROWCOUNT = 0) 
        break;

    -- Here is where the padding magic happens.
    declare @paddedStringValue varchar(max) = RIGHT(REPLICATE(@charToPadStringWith, @maxLengthOfPaddedString) + @stringValue, @maxLengthOfPaddedString);

    -- Added to the list of results.
    insert into @testingResults (StringValue, PaddedStringValue) values (@stringValue, @paddedStringValue);
end

-- Get all of the testing results.
select * from @testingResults;