您可以使用PowerShell作业cmdlet来实现您的目标。

在PowerShell中有6个与作业相关的cmdlet可用。

得到工作 获取在当前会话中运行的Windows PowerShell后台作业 接受职业 获取当前会话中Windows PowerShell后台作业的结果 Remove-Job 删除Windows PowerShell后台作业 启动作业 启动Windows PowerShell后台作业 Stop-Job 停止Windows PowerShell后台作业 Wait-Job 抑制命令提示符，直到会话中运行的一个或所有Windows PowerShell后台作业完成

如果感兴趣，可以下载如何在PowerShell中创建后台作业的示例

我已经在PowerShell v1.0中成功地使用了这里描述的解决方案http://jtruher.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!7143DA6E51A2628D!130.entry。在PowerShell v2.0中，这肯定会更容易。

只要命令是一个可执行文件，或者是一个具有相关可执行文件的文件，就可以使用Start-Process(从v2可用):

Start-Process -NoNewWindow ping google.com

你也可以在你的配置文件中添加这个函数:

function bg() {Start-Process -NoNewWindow @args}

然后调用变成:

bg ping google.com

在我看来，对于在后台运行进程的简单用例来说，Start-Job是一种过度使用:

Start-Job不能访问现有的作用域(因为它在单独的会话中运行)。无法执行“Start-Job {notepad $myfile}” Start-Job不保存当前目录(因为它在单独的会话中运行)。不能执行“Start-Job {notepad myfile.txt}”，其中myfile.txt位于当前目录。 输出结果不会自动显示。您需要以作业ID为参数运行Receive-Job。

注意:对于您最初的示例，“bg sleep 30”将不起作用，因为sleep是一个Powershell命令行。Start-Process只在实际fork一个进程时才有效。

在PowerShell Core 6.0中，你可以在命令的结尾写&，这相当于在当前工作目录的后台运行你的管道。

它并不等同于bash中的&，它只是当前PowerShell作业特性的一种更好的语法。它返回一个作业对象，以便您可以使用用于作业的所有其他命令。例如Receive-Job:

C:\utils> ping google.com &

Id     Name            PSJobTypeName   State         HasMoreData     Location             Command
--     ----            -------------   -----         -----------     --------             -------
35     Job35           BackgroundJob   Running       True            localhost            Microsoft.PowerShell.M...


C:\utils> Receive-Job 35

Pinging google.com [172.217.16.14] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.217.16.14: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.16.14: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.16.14: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.16.14: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=55

Ping statistics for 172.217.16.14:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 10ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 10ms
C:\utils>

如果你想在后台执行一些语句，你可以结合& call操作符，{}脚本块和这个新的& background操作符，如下所示:

& { cd .\SomeDir\; .\SomeLongRunningOperation.bat; cd ..; } &

以下是来自文档页面的更多信息:

PowerShell Core 6.0新增功能:

Support backgrounding of pipelines with ampersand (&) (#3360) Putting & at the end of a pipeline causes the pipeline to be run as a PowerShell job. When a pipeline is backgrounded, a job object is returned. Once the pipeline is running as a job, all of the standard *-Job cmdlets can be used to manage the job. Variables (ignoring process-specific variables) used in the pipeline are automatically copied to the job so Copy-Item $foo $bar & just works. The job is also run in the current directory instead of the user's home directory. For more information about PowerShell jobs, see about_Jobs.

from about_operators / & &后台操作符&:

Ampersand background operator & Runs the pipeline before it in a PowerShell job. The ampersand background operator acts similarly to the UNIX "ampersand operator" which famously runs the command before it as a background process. The ampersand background operator is built on top of PowerShell jobs so it shares a lot of functionality with Start-Job. The following command contains basic usage of the ampersand background operator. Get-Process -Name pwsh & This is functionally equivalent to the following usage of Start-Job. Start-Job -ScriptBlock {Get-Process -Name pwsh} Since it's functionally equivalent to using Start-Job, the ampersand background operator returns a Job object just like Start-Job does. This means that you are able to use Receive-Job and Remove-Job just as you would if you had used Start-Job to start the job. $job = Get-Process -Name pwsh & Receive-Job $job Output NPM(K) PM(M) WS(M) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- ----------- 0 0.00 221.16 25.90 6988 988 pwsh 0 0.00 140.12 29.87 14845 845 pwsh 0 0.00 85.51 0.91 19639 988 pwsh $job = Get-Process -Name pwsh & Remove-Job $job For more information on PowerShell jobs, see about_Jobs.

你可以这样做。

$a = start-process -NoNewWindow powershell {timeout 10; 'done'} -PassThru

如果你想等的话:

$a | wait-process

额外的osx或linux版本:

$a = start-process pwsh '-c',{start-sleep 5; 'done'} -PassThru 

示例ping脚本我有。参数作为数组传递:

$1 = start -n powershell pinger,comp001 -pa

传递给Start-Job的脚本块似乎没有在与Start-Job命令相同的当前目录下执行，因此如果需要，请确保指定完全限定的路径。

例如:

Start-Job { C:\absolute\path\to\command.exe --afileparameter C:\absolute\path\to\file.txt }