你可以使用Python:

python -c '
lines_to_remove = set()
with open("file B", "r") as f:
    for line in f.readlines():
        lines_to_remove.add(line.strip())

with open("file A", "r") as f:
    for line in [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]:
        if line not in lines_to_remove:
            print(line)
'

Awk来拯救!

这个解决方案不需要排序的输入。你必须先提供fileB。

awk 'NR==FNR{a[$0];next} !($0 in a)' fileB fileA

返回

A
C

它是如何工作的?

NR==FNR{a[$0];next} idiom is for storing the first file in an associative array as keys for a later "contains" test. NR==FNR is checking whether we're scanning the first file, where the global line counter (NR) equals to the current file line counter (FNR). a[$0] adds the current line to the associative array as key, note that this behaves like a set, where there won't be any duplicate values (keys) !($0 in a) we're now in the next file(s), in is a contains test, here it's checking whether current line is in the set we populated in the first step from the first file, ! negates the condition. What is missing here is the action, which by default is {print} and usually not written explicitly.

注意，这现在可以用来删除列入黑名单的单词。

$ awk '...' badwords allwords > goodwords

只需稍作更改，它就可以清理多个列表并创建清理过的版本。

$ awk 'NR==FNR{a[$0];next} !($0 in a){print > FILENAME".clean"}' bad file1 file2 file3 ...

您可以这样做，除非您的文件已排序

diff file-a file-b --new-line-format="" --old-line-format="%L" --unchanged-line-format="" > file-a

——new-line-format用于文件b中但不在文件a中的行 ——老. .是在文件a中但不在文件b中的行吗 ——不变. .是同时存在于两者中的行。 %L使行被精确地打印出来。

man diff

欲知详情

删除出现在另一个文件上的行后获取该文件

comm -23 <(sort bigFile.txt) <(sort smallfile.txt) > diff.txt . com

为了给上面的用户添加Python回答，这里有一个更快的解决方案:

    python -c '
lines_to_remove = None
with open("partial file") as f:
    lines_to_remove = {line.rstrip() for line in f.readlines()}

remaining_lines = None
with open("full file") as f:
    remaining_lines = {line.rstrip() for line in f.readlines()} - lines_to_remove

with open("output file", "w") as f:
    for line in remaining_lines:
        f.write(line + "\n")
    '

提高集合减法的幂。

grep -Fvxf <删除行> <所有行>

适用于未排序的文件(与comm不同) 维护秩序 是POSIX

例子:

cat <<EOF > A
b
1
a
0
01
b
1
EOF

cat <<EOF > B
0
1
EOF

grep -Fvxf B A

输出:

b
a
01
b

解释:

-F:使用文字字符串而不是默认的BRE -x:只考虑匹配整行的匹配 -v:打印不匹配 -f file:从给定文件中获取模式

这种方法在预排序文件上比其他方法慢，因为它更通用。如果速度也很重要，请参阅:查找一个文件中不在另一个文件中的行的快速方法?

下面是一个用于内联操作的快速bash自动化:

remove-lines() (
  remove_lines="$1"
  all_lines="$2"
  tmp_file="$(mktemp)"
  grep -Fvxf "$remove_lines" "$all_lines" > "$tmp_file"
  mv "$tmp_file" "$all_lines"
)

GitHub上游。

用法:

remove-lines lines-to-remove remove-from-this-file

参见:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/28158/is-there-a-tool-to-get-the-lines-in-one-file-that-are-not-in-another